The propagation of UV rays was identified at the beginning of the eighteenth century by a German scientist, who observed that the silver salt of hydrochloric acid (salt chloride) reacted to photosensitivity by changing colour when exposed to light sources. The main source of propagation of UV rays comes from the Sun by stimulating specific elements with lower wavelength emissions, such as X-rays, able to diffuse ultraviolet radiation for brightness. The ultraviolet band is caused for the most part by electronic changes; the absorption one, on the other hand, which can be extracted by passing through a solution of a compound analysed by emissions of a suitable wavelength, is quite essential for chemical controls. Consequently, for the particles of organic compounds, only absorption is obtained as for the electrons, as they are then brought back to light. The eyeball of a human being is not sensitive to ultraviolet emissions, so the analysis can be performed using a bright screen, which brightness will be altered by ultraviolet emissions. Light beams with high wave extensions (315-400 nm) or UVA rays can penetrate deeper up to the skin, given their considerable wave width. The radiations give rise to the natural pigmentation of the skin. This happens because the UVA cause the growth trend of melanin which, at the same instant, cause long-term alterations to the skin. By means of a considerable expansion capacity, these propagations are able to modify and break down collagen. For this reason, the UVA beams are considered to be the most responsible for the aging state of the skin. The beams of light with medium wave amplitude (280-320 nm) are UVB rays, which are incorporated by a surface of ozone in large quantities and form approximately 2% of the propagation of the ultraviolet capable of reaching the surface of the Earth, and then the skin. Their expansion ability is balanced as they are able to modify structural substances that are present in the epidermal units. UVC rays, which have a smaller wavelength (100-280 nm), are the riskiest ultraviolet irradiations since they provide a significant damaging capacity; fortunately, these are purified by ozone and various integral parts of the environment. Thanks to this development of purification, the UVC rays should not reach the ground of the Earth (the recent decrease in the ozone level has identified a considerable danger of being exposed to the light of these rays). To protect us from such radiations, the latter have the ability to be appropriately isolated with lenses that can be both dark, in order to give protection to sunlight, and also transparent. The most appropriate and natural method to protect the health of our eyes from ultraviolet radiation is to stay indoors during the hottest hours and to wear suitable glasses if you have to go out. It is essential to protect from the sun's rays, even the sight of children, since such subjects playing outdoors are more exposed to UV rays.
La propagazione dei raggi UV venne identificata all’inizio del diciottesimo secolo da uno scienziato tedesco, il quale osservò che il sale di argento dell’acido cloridrico (cloruro di sale) reagiva alla fotosensibilità cambiando colore qualora venisse esposto a fonti di luce. La fonte principale di propagazione di raggi UV arriva dal Sole, in quanto stimolando specifici elementi con emissioni di inferiore lunghezza d’onda come i raggi X, si era in grado di diffondere radiazioni ultraviolette per luminosità. La banda dell’ultravioletto è causata per la maggior parte da cambiamenti elettronici; quella di assorbimento invece, estraibile facendo passare attraverso una soluzione di un composto analizzato da emissioni di un’opportuna lunghezza d’onda, è alquanto essenziale per dei controlli chimici, di conseguenza, per le particelle di composti organici, si ottiene l’assorbimento solamente per quanto riguarda gli elettroni, in quanto vengono poi riportati in luce. Il bulbo oculare di un essere umano non è sensibile alle emissioni dell’ultravioletto, per cui le analisi possono essere eseguite facendo uso di uno schermo luminoso, la cui luminosità sarà alterata dalle emissioni dell’ultravioletto. I fasci di luce con elevate estensioni d’onda (315-400 nm) ovvero i raggi UVA, possono penetrano più a fondo fino ad arrivare alla pelle, data la loro notevole ampiezza d’onda. Le radiazioni danno origine alla pigmentazione naturale della cute, ciò accade perché gli UVA provocano l’andamento di crescita della melanina che, nello stesso istante, causano alterazioni alla cute a termine duraturo. Per mezzo di una notevole capacità di espansione, tali propagazioni sono in grado di modificare e abbattere il collagene, per questo, i fasci di UVA vengono reputati i maggiori responsabili dello stato d’invecchiamento della pelle. I fasci di luce con ampiezza d’onda media (280-320 nm), sono i raggi UVB, i quali vengono inglobati da una superficie di ozono in gran quantità e formano approssimativamente il 2% della propagazione dell’ultravioletto in grado di arrivare alla superficie della Terra, per poi giungere sulla pelle. La loro abilità di espansione è equilibrata in quanto, riescono a modificare sostanze strutturali che sono presenti nelle unità epidermiche. I raggi UVC, che hanno ampiezza d’onda minore (100-280 nm), sono le irradiazioni dell’ultravioletto maggiormente rischiose dal momento che forniscono una notevole capacità dannosa, ma per fortuna, questi vengono purificati dall’ozono e da diverse parti integranti dell’ambiente. Grazie a tale sviluppo di depurazione, i raggi UVC non dovrebbero arrivare al suolo della Terra (il diminuire del livello di ozono che si è riscontrato recentemente ha individuato un notevole pericolo di trovarsi sottoposti alla luce di tali raggi). Per proteggerci da tali radiazioni, queste hanno la capacità di venire isolate opportunamente con delle lenti che possono essere sia scure, al fine di dare protezione alla luce del sole, che trasparenti. Il metodo più adeguato e naturale per tutelare la salute dei nostri occhi dalle radiazioni ultraviolette è di rimanere all’interno di un ambiente chiuso in orari maggiormente caldi e di portare occhiali adeguati qualora si dovesse uscire. Fondamentale è tutelare dai raggi solari anche la vista dei bambini poiché, giocando all’aperto, sono maggiormente esposti ai raggi UV.
Protezione dagli UV nelle lenti oftalmiche
MAGAGNA, GIULIA
2024/2025
Abstract
The propagation of UV rays was identified at the beginning of the eighteenth century by a German scientist, who observed that the silver salt of hydrochloric acid (salt chloride) reacted to photosensitivity by changing colour when exposed to light sources. The main source of propagation of UV rays comes from the Sun by stimulating specific elements with lower wavelength emissions, such as X-rays, able to diffuse ultraviolet radiation for brightness. The ultraviolet band is caused for the most part by electronic changes; the absorption one, on the other hand, which can be extracted by passing through a solution of a compound analysed by emissions of a suitable wavelength, is quite essential for chemical controls. Consequently, for the particles of organic compounds, only absorption is obtained as for the electrons, as they are then brought back to light. The eyeball of a human being is not sensitive to ultraviolet emissions, so the analysis can be performed using a bright screen, which brightness will be altered by ultraviolet emissions. Light beams with high wave extensions (315-400 nm) or UVA rays can penetrate deeper up to the skin, given their considerable wave width. The radiations give rise to the natural pigmentation of the skin. This happens because the UVA cause the growth trend of melanin which, at the same instant, cause long-term alterations to the skin. By means of a considerable expansion capacity, these propagations are able to modify and break down collagen. For this reason, the UVA beams are considered to be the most responsible for the aging state of the skin. The beams of light with medium wave amplitude (280-320 nm) are UVB rays, which are incorporated by a surface of ozone in large quantities and form approximately 2% of the propagation of the ultraviolet capable of reaching the surface of the Earth, and then the skin. Their expansion ability is balanced as they are able to modify structural substances that are present in the epidermal units. UVC rays, which have a smaller wavelength (100-280 nm), are the riskiest ultraviolet irradiations since they provide a significant damaging capacity; fortunately, these are purified by ozone and various integral parts of the environment. Thanks to this development of purification, the UVC rays should not reach the ground of the Earth (the recent decrease in the ozone level has identified a considerable danger of being exposed to the light of these rays). To protect us from such radiations, the latter have the ability to be appropriately isolated with lenses that can be both dark, in order to give protection to sunlight, and also transparent. The most appropriate and natural method to protect the health of our eyes from ultraviolet radiation is to stay indoors during the hottest hours and to wear suitable glasses if you have to go out. It is essential to protect from the sun's rays, even the sight of children, since such subjects playing outdoors are more exposed to UV rays.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/92315