Background The onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been documented in over 2% of patients with Hirschsprung’s disease (HD). It is more frequent in males, in cases with extended colonic aganglionosis and in patients with multiple episodes of enterocolitis. There are still few cases in the literature describing a possible association between anorectal malformations (ARM), particularly those within the cloacal spectrum, and IBD. Objectives The primary objective is to describe and analyze patients followed at our Center for colorectal malformations who later developed a form of IBD. The secondary objective is to identify common events and factors within the sample, in order to point out a potential increased risk of IBD in these patients and to promote greater attention to symptoms of chronic inflammation in patients with colorectal malformations. Materials and methods We retrospectively analyzed pediatric patients with colorectal malformations who subsequently developed IBD, born between 2015 and 2024 and followed at our Center. For each patient, we collected basic demographic, surgical history (procedures, postoperative course, and follow-up), and clinical data (onset symptoms of IBD, laboratory findings, diagnostic histology, response to treatment). Results Three female patients were included in the study, two with cloacal-type ARM and one with HD. The first two patients underwent multiple corrective surgeries within the first two years of life, including the creation of a neovagina using colonic tissue. The patient with HD underwent corrective surgery after the age of two, with a complicated course due to poor wound healing and the development of a rectovaginal fistula. The onset of IBD occurred at a median age of 45 months, with a mean interval of 23 months from the corrective surgery for the congenital malformation. Two patients developed ulcerative colitis, and one developed Crohn’s disease. The mean diagnostic time was 3 months, and two patients had a family history of IBD. Symptoms included abdominal pain, diarrhea, hematochezia, weight loss, and bleeding from the neovagina. Laboratory tests most frequently showed anemia, elevated fecal calprotectin, thrombocytosis, hypoalbuminemia, and positivity for ANCA and ASCA. The definitive diagnosis in all cases was histological. Treatment consisted of topical or oral mesalazine for ulcerative colitis cases and azathioprine for the Crohn’s disease case, ensuring disease control. Discussion and conclusions Congenital colorectal disorders may have played a role in the pathogenesis of IBD, in addition to genetic predisposition, by exposing patients to early antibiotic therapies and intestinal surgeries that can promote intestinal dysbiosis and inflammation. Our study aims to emphasize the importance of considering IBD early in the differential diagnosis in these complex patients, in whom typical symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease may be mistakenly attributed to the complications related to the underlying condition. Moreover, a multidisciplinary follow-up is essential both to prevent complications such as failure of medical therapy and oncological risk, and to improve patients' quality of life.
Background L’insorgenza di malattie infiammatorie croniche intestinali (MICI) è stata documentata in oltre il 2% dei pazienti affetti da malattia di Hirschsprung (MH), è più frequente nei soggetti di sesso maschile, nei casi di aganglia colica estesa e con plurimi episodi di enterocolite. Sono ancora pochi i casi in letteratura che descrivono una possibile associazione tra le malformazioni anorettali (MAR), in particolare quelle facenti parte dello spettro cloacale, e le MICI. Scopo dello studio Obiettivo primario è descrivere ed analizzare i pazienti seguiti presso il nostro Centro per malformazioni colorettali che hanno successivamente sviluppato una forma di MICI. Obiettivo secondario è identificare eventi e fattori comuni nel campione, al fine di evidenziare un possibile aumento del rischio di MICI in questi pazienti e promuovere una maggiore attenzione ai sintomi di infiammazione cronica nei pazienti con malformazioni colorettali. Materiali e Metodi Sono stati analizzati retrospettivamente i pazienti pediatrici con malformazione colorettale e successiva MICI nati tra il 2015 e il 2024 e seguiti presso il nostro Centro. Per ciascun paziente sono stati raccolti i dati demografici di base, storia chirurgica (interventi, decorso e follow-up) e clinica (sintomi d’esordio di MICI, valori degli esami di laboratorio, istologia diagnostica, risposta al trattamento). Risultati Tre pazienti di sesso femminile sono state incluse nello studio, due affette da MAR tipo cloaca, una affetta da MH. Le prime due pazienti sono state sottoposte a plurimi interventi correttivi nei primi due anni di vita che hanno incluso anche la creazione di una neovagina sfruttando tessuto colico. La paziente affetta da MH è stata sottoposta a intervento correttivo dopo i due anni di vita, con decorso complicato da difficile guarigione con sviluppo di fistola retto-vaginale. L’insorgenza di MICI è avvenuta ad un’età mediana di 45 mesi, con un intervallo medio di 23 mesi dall’intervento correttivo per la malformazione congenita. Due pazienti hanno sviluppato colite ulcerosa, mentre una morbo di Crohn. Il tempo diagnostico medio è stato di 3 mesi e due pazienti avevano familiarità per MICI. Il quadro sintomatologico comprendeva dolore addominale, alvo diarroico, ematochezia, calo ponderale e sanguinamento dalla neovagina. Gli esami laboratoristici hanno evidenziato più frequentemente anemia, calprotectina fecale elevata, piastrinosi, ipoalbuminemia, positività ad ANCA e ASCA. La diagnosi definitiva in tutti i casi è stata istologica. La terapia costituita da mesalazina orale e/o topica per i casi di colite ulcerosa e da azatioprina nel caso di Crohn ha garantito il controllo della malattia. Discussione e conclusioni Le patologie colorettali congenite possono aver avuto un ruolo nella patogenesi delle MICI, in aggiunta alla predisposizione genetica, esponendo le pazienti ad antibiotico-terapie precoci ed interventi a livello intestinale che possono favorire disbiosi intestinale ed infiammazione. Il nostro studio vuole enfatizzare l’importanza di considerare precocemente la diagnosi di MICI anche in questi pazienti complessi, in cui i sintomi tipici di malattia infiammatoria intestinale possono essere erroneamente attribuiti alle complicanze della patologia di base. È inoltre fondamentale assicurare un follow-up multidisciplinare sia per prevenire le complicanze, quali fallimento della terapia medica e rischio oncologico, sia per migliorare la qualità di vita dei pazienti.
Malattia infiammatoria cronica intestinale nelle malformazioni colorettali pediatriche
BITTANTE, ALESSIA
2024/2025
Abstract
Background The onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been documented in over 2% of patients with Hirschsprung’s disease (HD). It is more frequent in males, in cases with extended colonic aganglionosis and in patients with multiple episodes of enterocolitis. There are still few cases in the literature describing a possible association between anorectal malformations (ARM), particularly those within the cloacal spectrum, and IBD. Objectives The primary objective is to describe and analyze patients followed at our Center for colorectal malformations who later developed a form of IBD. The secondary objective is to identify common events and factors within the sample, in order to point out a potential increased risk of IBD in these patients and to promote greater attention to symptoms of chronic inflammation in patients with colorectal malformations. Materials and methods We retrospectively analyzed pediatric patients with colorectal malformations who subsequently developed IBD, born between 2015 and 2024 and followed at our Center. For each patient, we collected basic demographic, surgical history (procedures, postoperative course, and follow-up), and clinical data (onset symptoms of IBD, laboratory findings, diagnostic histology, response to treatment). Results Three female patients were included in the study, two with cloacal-type ARM and one with HD. The first two patients underwent multiple corrective surgeries within the first two years of life, including the creation of a neovagina using colonic tissue. The patient with HD underwent corrective surgery after the age of two, with a complicated course due to poor wound healing and the development of a rectovaginal fistula. The onset of IBD occurred at a median age of 45 months, with a mean interval of 23 months from the corrective surgery for the congenital malformation. Two patients developed ulcerative colitis, and one developed Crohn’s disease. The mean diagnostic time was 3 months, and two patients had a family history of IBD. Symptoms included abdominal pain, diarrhea, hematochezia, weight loss, and bleeding from the neovagina. Laboratory tests most frequently showed anemia, elevated fecal calprotectin, thrombocytosis, hypoalbuminemia, and positivity for ANCA and ASCA. The definitive diagnosis in all cases was histological. Treatment consisted of topical or oral mesalazine for ulcerative colitis cases and azathioprine for the Crohn’s disease case, ensuring disease control. Discussion and conclusions Congenital colorectal disorders may have played a role in the pathogenesis of IBD, in addition to genetic predisposition, by exposing patients to early antibiotic therapies and intestinal surgeries that can promote intestinal dysbiosis and inflammation. Our study aims to emphasize the importance of considering IBD early in the differential diagnosis in these complex patients, in whom typical symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease may be mistakenly attributed to the complications related to the underlying condition. Moreover, a multidisciplinary follow-up is essential both to prevent complications such as failure of medical therapy and oncological risk, and to improve patients' quality of life.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Bittante_Alessia.pdf
accesso aperto
Dimensione
1.67 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
1.67 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/92471