Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease characterized by an absolute insulin deficiency, caused by the destruction of pancreatic cells responsible for its production. This condition leads to persistent hyperglycemia and requires continuous insulin therapy to maintain glycemic control and prevent complications. The global impact of the disease, affecting approximately 9.2 million people, including 1.8 million children and adolescents, has driven the development of new technologies, including the Artificial Pancreas. These devices combine continuous glucose monitoring with automated insulin delivery through advanced control algorithms, which are initially tested in simulated environments. Among these tools, the UVA/Padova simulator is the first mathematical model approved by the FDA as a substitute for preclinical animal testing and is useful for experimenting with therapeutic strategies in a safe and ethical manner. This thesis focuses on the analysis and implementation in MATLAB and Simulink of a control algorithm for the Artificial Pancreas, tested on ten virtual subjects using the UVA/Padova simulator. The implemented system ensures acceptable glycemic control in fasting conditions but does not correct post-meal glucose spikes, as the simulation does not include the administration of additional insulin boluses.
Il diabete di tipo 1 è una malattia autoimmune caratterizzata da una carenza assoluta di insulina, causata dalla distruzione delle cellule pancreatiche responsabili della sua produzione. Questa condizione provoca una condizione di iperglicemia persistente e richiede una terapia insulinica continua per mantenere il controllo glicemico ed evitare complicanze. L’impatto globale della malattia, che colpisce circa 9.2 milioni di persone, di cui 1.8 milioni sono bambini e adolescenti, ha incentivato lo sviluppo di nuove tecnologie, tra cui il Pancreas Artificiale. Questi dispositivi combinano il monitoraggio continuo della glicemia e la somministrazione automatica di insulina attraverso algoritmi di controllo avanzati, che vengono inizialmente testati in ambienti simulativi. Tra questi strumenti, il simulatore UVA/Padova è il primo modello matematico approvato dalla FDA come sostituto dei test preclinici sugli animali ed è utile per sperimentare strategie terapeutiche in modo sicuro ed etico. Questa tesi riguarda l'analisi e l'implementazione in MATLAB e Simulink di un algoritmo di controllo per il Pancreas Artificiale, testato su dieci soggetti virtuali mediante il simulatore UVA/Padova. Il sistema implementato garantisce un controllo della glicemia accettabile in condizioni di digiuno, ma non la correzione del picco glicemico dovuto al pasto, poiché nella simulazione non è prevista la somministrazione di boli aggiuntivi.
Infusione intelligente di insulina per il trattamento del diabete di tipo 1 con controllore PID
FOSCHI, ESTER
2024/2025
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease characterized by an absolute insulin deficiency, caused by the destruction of pancreatic cells responsible for its production. This condition leads to persistent hyperglycemia and requires continuous insulin therapy to maintain glycemic control and prevent complications. The global impact of the disease, affecting approximately 9.2 million people, including 1.8 million children and adolescents, has driven the development of new technologies, including the Artificial Pancreas. These devices combine continuous glucose monitoring with automated insulin delivery through advanced control algorithms, which are initially tested in simulated environments. Among these tools, the UVA/Padova simulator is the first mathematical model approved by the FDA as a substitute for preclinical animal testing and is useful for experimenting with therapeutic strategies in a safe and ethical manner. This thesis focuses on the analysis and implementation in MATLAB and Simulink of a control algorithm for the Artificial Pancreas, tested on ten virtual subjects using the UVA/Padova simulator. The implemented system ensures acceptable glycemic control in fasting conditions but does not correct post-meal glucose spikes, as the simulation does not include the administration of additional insulin boluses.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/92556