The pancreas is a vital organ for both the regulation of digestive processes and the control of blood glucose levels. Its dysfunction can lead to highly impactful diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, which significantly compromise patients’ quality of life. It is estimated that approximately 10.5% of the global population, corresponding to around 800 million people, is affected by this condition, and this number is expected to increase significantly over the coming decades. In response to this public health challenge, it is essential to develop new therapeutic strategies aimed at improving or surpassing current treatments, which are primarily based on the administration of exogenous insulin to mitigate hyperglycemia. In this context, tissue engineering could, once current limitations are overcome, allow not only the treatment of symptoms but also the correction of the underlying physiological causes of the disease. This thesis initially introduces the anatomical characteristics and the endocrine and exocrine functions of the pancreas. Subsequently, the main related pathologies are analyzed, with a description of their symptoms and currently available therapies. Finally, tissue engineering is introduced, and its application to the pancreas is explored, highlighting one of the most promising therapies for type 1 diabetes: the transplantation of pancreatic islets encapsulated within biomaterials. A case study is then examined to evaluate the influence of device geometry on the functionality of the encapsulated pancreatic islets.
Il pancreas è un organo fondamentale sia per la regolazione dei processi digestivi sia nel controllo della glicemia. Una sua disfunzione può causare malattie molto impattanti, come per esempio il diabete mellito, che compromette la qualità di vita dei pazienti. Si stima che circa il 10.5% della popolazione mondiale, pari a circa 800 milioni di persone, sia affetta da questa patologia, e si prevede che nel corso dei prossimi decenni tale numero aumenterà significativamente. In risposta a questa emergenza sanitaria, risulta fondamentale scoprire nuove strategie terapeutiche, con l’obiettivo di migliorare o superare quelle odierne, che si basano principalmente sull’iniezione di insulina esogena, che permette di mitigare l’iperglicemia nel malato. In questo contesto, l’ingegneria dei tessuti potrebbe permettere, una volta superati i limiti attuali, di curare non solo i sintomi, ma anche le cause fisiologiche che originano la malattia. La presente tesi introduce inizialmente le caratteristiche anatomiche e le funzioni endocrine ed esocrine del pancreas. Successivamente vengono analizzate le principali patologie correlate, specificandone i sintomi e le attuali terapie disponibili. Infine, viene introdotta l’ingegneria dei tessuti, e analizzata la sua applicazione al pancreas, proponendo una delle terapie più promettenti per curare il diabete di tipo 1, basata sul trapianto di isole pancreatiche incapsulate all’interno di biomateriali. Infine viene analizzato un caso di studio volto a valutare l’influenza della geometria del dispositivo sulla funzionalità delle isole pancreatiche incapsulate.
Biomateriali e ingegneria dei tessuti nella cura delle disfunzionalità pancreatiche
SOAVE, LUCA
2024/2025
Abstract
The pancreas is a vital organ for both the regulation of digestive processes and the control of blood glucose levels. Its dysfunction can lead to highly impactful diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, which significantly compromise patients’ quality of life. It is estimated that approximately 10.5% of the global population, corresponding to around 800 million people, is affected by this condition, and this number is expected to increase significantly over the coming decades. In response to this public health challenge, it is essential to develop new therapeutic strategies aimed at improving or surpassing current treatments, which are primarily based on the administration of exogenous insulin to mitigate hyperglycemia. In this context, tissue engineering could, once current limitations are overcome, allow not only the treatment of symptoms but also the correction of the underlying physiological causes of the disease. This thesis initially introduces the anatomical characteristics and the endocrine and exocrine functions of the pancreas. Subsequently, the main related pathologies are analyzed, with a description of their symptoms and currently available therapies. Finally, tissue engineering is introduced, and its application to the pancreas is explored, highlighting one of the most promising therapies for type 1 diabetes: the transplantation of pancreatic islets encapsulated within biomaterials. A case study is then examined to evaluate the influence of device geometry on the functionality of the encapsulated pancreatic islets.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/92589