Sexual conflict influences both the extent and duration of parental investment by each sex, often leading to the coexistence of diverse caregiving strategies within a single population. Accurately evaluating the persistence of these strategies, such as biparental versus uniparental care and instances of mate desertion, requires a detailed understanding of their associated costs and benefits. While the advantages of deserting a mate are relatively well documented, the reproductive costs that follow, particularly under uniparental care (e.g., offspring condition and survival), remain less thoroughly examined. In this study, we examined rock sparrows (Petronia petronia), a species where both biparental and uniparental care are present within the same population, to assess the repercussions of mate desertion. We systematically tracked breeding attempts to evaluate how mate desertion influences reproductive and physiological outcomes, including offspring survival, corticosterone levels, oxidative stress, and telomere attrition. Our results revealed that male desertion was not linked to the initial quality of the nest (measured by clutch size or hatching success), but it did correspond to a 30% decline in nestling survival. Nestlings reared in uniparental conditions also showed increased oxidative stress and elevated corticosterone levels, particularly in early developmental stages. These results indicate the combined physiological and reproductive costs associated with male desertion. Acknowledging such costs is vital for understanding the evolutionary dynamics that maintain variation in parental care strategies within populations.
Il conflitto sessuale influenza sia l’entità sia la durata dell’investimento parentale da parte di ciascun sesso, portando spesso alla coesistenza di strategie di cura della prole diverse all’interno della stessa popolazione. Valutare accuratamente la persistenza di queste strategie, come la cura biparentale rispetto a quella uniparentale e i casi di abbandono del partner, richiede una comprensione approfondita dei costi e benefici associati. Sebbene i vantaggi legati all’abbandono del partner siano relativamente ben documentati, i costi riproduttivi conseguenti, in particolare nel contesto della cura uniparentale (ad esempio la condizione e la sopravvivenza della prole), sono stati esplorati meno approfonditamente. In questo studio abbiamo analizzato la passera lagia (Petronia petronia), una specie in cui sia la cura biparentale sia quella uniparentale si verificano all’interno della stessa popolazione, per valutare le conseguenze dell’abbandono del partner. Abbiamo monitorato sistematicamente i tentativi riproduttivi per esaminare in che modo l’abbandono influenzi gli esiti riproduttivi e fisiologici, inclusi la sopravvivenza della prole, i livelli di corticosterone, lo stress ossidativo e l'accorciamento dei telomeri. I nostri risultati mostrano che l’abbandono da parte del maschio non era correlato alla qualità iniziale del nido (valutata attraverso la dimensione della covata o il successo della schiusa), ma era associato a una riduzione del 30% nella probabilità di sopravvivenza dei nidiacei. I piccoli allevati in condizioni uniparentali hanno inoltre mostrato livelli più elevati di stress ossidativo e corticosterone, specialmente nelle fasi precoci dello sviluppo. Questi risultati evidenziano i costi combinati, fisiologici e riproduttivi, associati all’abbandono da parte del maschio. Riconoscere tali costi è fondamentale per comprendere le dinamiche evolutive che mantengono la variazione nelle strategie di cura parentale all’interno delle popolazioni.
The effects of parental divorce on nestling condition in a mate deserting songbird: the rock sparrow (Petronia petronia)
LENTINI, ARIANNA
2024/2025
Abstract
Sexual conflict influences both the extent and duration of parental investment by each sex, often leading to the coexistence of diverse caregiving strategies within a single population. Accurately evaluating the persistence of these strategies, such as biparental versus uniparental care and instances of mate desertion, requires a detailed understanding of their associated costs and benefits. While the advantages of deserting a mate are relatively well documented, the reproductive costs that follow, particularly under uniparental care (e.g., offspring condition and survival), remain less thoroughly examined. In this study, we examined rock sparrows (Petronia petronia), a species where both biparental and uniparental care are present within the same population, to assess the repercussions of mate desertion. We systematically tracked breeding attempts to evaluate how mate desertion influences reproductive and physiological outcomes, including offspring survival, corticosterone levels, oxidative stress, and telomere attrition. Our results revealed that male desertion was not linked to the initial quality of the nest (measured by clutch size or hatching success), but it did correspond to a 30% decline in nestling survival. Nestlings reared in uniparental conditions also showed increased oxidative stress and elevated corticosterone levels, particularly in early developmental stages. These results indicate the combined physiological and reproductive costs associated with male desertion. Acknowledging such costs is vital for understanding the evolutionary dynamics that maintain variation in parental care strategies within populations.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/92730