This thesis explores the integration of photovoltaic panels on multi-rotor drones as a solution to overcome the obstacle of limited battery life, one of the main operational limitations of these aerial devices. Solar energy represents a renewable and sustainable source that can extend the flight time and improve the overall autonomy of drones, particularly important in long-term missions or in remote environments. The first part of the work covers the fundamentals of photovoltaic technology, explaining the physical principle of the photovoltaic effect and the operation of the main cell types, with a focus on weight, efficiency, and reliability. Subsequently, the structural and operational characteristics of multi-rotor drones are analyzed, focusing on the energy consumption of the main components such as motors, electronics, and battery. A preliminary energy evaluation is presented on a real-world model of a self-built FPV drone. Comparison with international prototypes highlights the limitations of small-scale solar panels and the importance of scale, which favors larger drones. Finally, the thesis discusses the advantages, critical issues, and remaining technological challenges for this integration. The goal is to provide an objective assessment of the feasibility of this application, identifying potential operational contexts in which the use of a photovoltaic panel could be advantageous for a multi-rotor drone.
Questa tesi esplora l’integrazione di pannelli fotovoltaici su droni multi-rotore come soluzione per superare l’ostacolo della limitata autonomia delle batterie, una delle principali limitazioni operative di questi dispositivi aerei. L’energia solare rappresenta una fonte rinnovabile e sostenibile che può estendere il tempo di volo e migliorare l’autonomia complessiva dei droni, particolarmente importanti in missioni a lungo termine o in ambienti remoti. La prima parte del lavoro tratta i fondamenti della tecnologia fotovoltaica, spiegando il principio fisico dell’effetto fotovoltaico e il funzionamento delle principali tipologie di celle, con attenzione a peso, efficienza e affidabilità. Successivamente, si analizzano le caratteristiche strutturali e operative dei droni multi-rotore, focalizzandosi sui consumi energetici dei principali componenti come motori, elettronica e batteria. Viene presentata una valutazione energetica preliminare su un modello reale di drone FPV personalmente costruito. Dal confronto con prototipi internazionali sono evidenziati i limiti di efficacia dei pannelli solari ridotti e l’importanza del fattore scala, che avvantaggia i droni di dimensioni maggiori. Infine, la tesi discute i vantaggi, le criticità e le sfide tecnologiche ancora aperte per questa integrazione. L’obiettivo è fornire una valutazione oggettiva riguardante la fattibilità di tale applicazione, identificando i possibili contesti operativi in cui l’utilizzo di un pannello fotovoltaico possa risultare conveniente per un drone multi-rotore.
Integrazione di pannelli fotovoltaici nei droni multirotore: autonomia di volo e impatto energetico complessivo
LOVATO, MANUEL
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis explores the integration of photovoltaic panels on multi-rotor drones as a solution to overcome the obstacle of limited battery life, one of the main operational limitations of these aerial devices. Solar energy represents a renewable and sustainable source that can extend the flight time and improve the overall autonomy of drones, particularly important in long-term missions or in remote environments. The first part of the work covers the fundamentals of photovoltaic technology, explaining the physical principle of the photovoltaic effect and the operation of the main cell types, with a focus on weight, efficiency, and reliability. Subsequently, the structural and operational characteristics of multi-rotor drones are analyzed, focusing on the energy consumption of the main components such as motors, electronics, and battery. A preliminary energy evaluation is presented on a real-world model of a self-built FPV drone. Comparison with international prototypes highlights the limitations of small-scale solar panels and the importance of scale, which favors larger drones. Finally, the thesis discusses the advantages, critical issues, and remaining technological challenges for this integration. The goal is to provide an objective assessment of the feasibility of this application, identifying potential operational contexts in which the use of a photovoltaic panel could be advantageous for a multi-rotor drone.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Lovato_Manuel.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/92795