1. Background Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) overlaps phenotypically with severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA) and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). Circulating IgG anti-Pentraxin-3 (PTX3) autoantibodies have been described in EGPA. We compared anti-PTX3 prevalence and levels across EGPA, SEA, CRSwNP, and healthy controls (HC), and evaluated diagnostic performance for distinguishing EGPA. 2. Methods We conducted a single-center, cross-sectional study on consecutive patients with EGPA (n = 104), SEA (n = 76), CRSwNP (n = 63), and healthy subjects (n = 101). Anti-PTX3 levels were measured using a standardized “in-house” ELISA method, with optical density (OD) reading at 405 nm. Liquid-phase inhibition tests were performed to assess possible assay interferences. ROC analysis for EGPA vs healthy subjects yielded an AUC of 0.720 (95% CI 0.65–0.79); the optimal OD cut-off determined by Youden’s J index was 0.210 (sensitivity 44%, specificity 96%). Group comparisons were performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test with Bonferroni post-hoc correction; for proportions, Pearson’s χ² test was applied.4. Results The EGPA population showed a significantly higher positivity compared to healthy subjects (46/104, 44.2% vs 5/101, 5.0%), as well as to patients diagnosed with SEA (12/76, 15.8%) and CRSwNP (5/63, 7.9%) (p < 0.001). No significant associations emerged between anti-PTX3 antibodies and systemic or organ-specific manifestations, nor with disease activity. 3. Results The prevalence of anti-PTX3 was higher in EGPA (44.2%) compared to SEA (15.8%) and CRSwNP (7.9%) (p < 0.001). Median OD values were greater in EGPA (0.18) than in SEA (0.11) and CRSwNP (0.07), p < 0.001. Among EGPA patients, 38 (36.5%) were ANCA-positive and 46 (44.2%) were anti-PTX3+; 14 (13.5%) were double-positive, 56 (53.8%) were single-positive (only anti-PTX3+ 30.8%; only ANCA+ 23.1%), and 34 (32.7%) were double-negative. Anti-PTX3 identified 48.5% (32/66) of ANCA− cases, increasing the overall serological yield from 36.5% (ANCA alone) to 67.3% (ANCA or anti-PTX3); the overlap was modest (Jaccard index 0.20). Inhibition tests reduced the signal, supporting assay specificity. Anti-PTX3 was not associated with ANCA status or baseline clinical features. In 31 patients with a second sample collected during follow-up, anti-PTX3 seropositivity decreased from 15/31 (48.4%) to 10/31 (32.3%) (McNemar p = 0.046); seven seroconversions to negative were observed over 579 person-months (incidence 1.21 per 100 person-months). 4. Conclusion Anti-PTX3 autoantibodies are significantly more prevalent in EGPA compared to SEA and CRSwNP, with limited overlap with ANCA. These findings support anti-PTX3 as a complementary biomarker to facilitate early recognition of EGPA.
1. Presupposti dello studio La granulomatosi eosinofila con poliangioite (EGPA) condivide caratteristiche fenotipiche con l’asma eosinofilico grave (SEA) e la rinosinusite cronica con poliposi nasale (CRSwNP). In EGPA sono stati descritti autoanticorpi IgG anti-Pentrassina-3 (PTX3). Abbiamo confrontato prevalenza e livelli degli anti-PTX3 tra EGPA, SEA, CRSwNP e controlli sani (HC), valutandone le caratteristiche di sensibilità e specificità. 2. Materiali e metodi Abbiamo condotto uno studio monocentrico, trasversale, su pazienti consecutivi affetti da EGPA (n = 104), SEA (n = 76), CRSwNP (n = 63) e soggetti sani (n = 101). I livelli di anti-PTX3 sono stati misurati con metodica ELISA sviluppata “in-house” standardizzata; con lettura a densità ottica (OD) 405 nm. Sono stati eseguiti test di inibizione in fase liquida per valutare possibili interferenze del saggio. L’analisi ROC per EGPA vs soggetti sani ha fornito una AUC di 0,720 (IC95% 0.65-0.79); il cut-off ottimale di OD tramite indice J di Youden è risultato pari a 0.210 (sensibilità 44%, specificità 96%). I confronti tra gruppi hanno utilizzato Kruskal–Wallis con post-hoc di Bonferroni; per le proporzioni, test χ2 di Pearson. 3. Risultati La prevalenza di anti-PTX3 è risultata più alta in EGPA (44.2%) rispetto a SEA (15.8%) e CRSwNP (7.9%) (p < 0.001). La mediana di OD era maggiore in EGPA (0.18) rispetto a SEA (0.11) e CRSwNP (0.07), p < 0.001. Tra i pazienti EGPA, 38 (36.5%) erano ANCA+ e 46 (44.2%) anti-PTX3+; 14 (13.5%) doppi positivi, 56 (53.8%) mono-positivi (solo anti-PTX3+ 30,8%; solo ANCA+ 23.1%) e 34 (32.7%) doppio-negativi. Gli anti-PTX3 hanno identificato 48.5% (32/66) dei casi ANCA−, aumentando la resa del profilo sierologico complessivo dal 36.5% (solo ANCA) al 67,3% (ANCA o anti-PTX3); la sovrapposizione è risultata modesta (indice di Jaccard 0.20). I test di inibizione hanno ridotto il segnale, a supporto della specificità del saggio. Gli anti-PTX3 non erano associati allo stato ANCA né alle caratteristiche cliniche basali. In 31 pazienti con un secondo prelievo eseguito durante il follow-up, la sieropositività anti-PTX3 è diminuita da 15/31 (48.4%) a 10/31 (32.3%) (McNemar p = 0.046); si sono osservate 7 negativizzazioni in 579 person-months (incidenza 1.21 per 100 person-months). 4. Conclusione Gli autoanticorpi anti-PTX3 sono significativamente più prevalenti in EGPA rispetto a SEA e CRSwNP e mostrano una limitata sovrapposizione con gli ANCA. I risultati supportano gli anti-PTX3 come biomarcatore complementare per favorire il riconoscimento precoce dell’EGPA.
Ruolo degli autoanticorpi IgG anti-Pentrassina 3 nella diagnosi differenziale tra EGPA, asma eosinofilico grave e rinosinusite cronica con poliposi
VASILE, ALBERTO
2024/2025
Abstract
1. Background Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) overlaps phenotypically with severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA) and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). Circulating IgG anti-Pentraxin-3 (PTX3) autoantibodies have been described in EGPA. We compared anti-PTX3 prevalence and levels across EGPA, SEA, CRSwNP, and healthy controls (HC), and evaluated diagnostic performance for distinguishing EGPA. 2. Methods We conducted a single-center, cross-sectional study on consecutive patients with EGPA (n = 104), SEA (n = 76), CRSwNP (n = 63), and healthy subjects (n = 101). Anti-PTX3 levels were measured using a standardized “in-house” ELISA method, with optical density (OD) reading at 405 nm. Liquid-phase inhibition tests were performed to assess possible assay interferences. ROC analysis for EGPA vs healthy subjects yielded an AUC of 0.720 (95% CI 0.65–0.79); the optimal OD cut-off determined by Youden’s J index was 0.210 (sensitivity 44%, specificity 96%). Group comparisons were performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test with Bonferroni post-hoc correction; for proportions, Pearson’s χ² test was applied.4. Results The EGPA population showed a significantly higher positivity compared to healthy subjects (46/104, 44.2% vs 5/101, 5.0%), as well as to patients diagnosed with SEA (12/76, 15.8%) and CRSwNP (5/63, 7.9%) (p < 0.001). No significant associations emerged between anti-PTX3 antibodies and systemic or organ-specific manifestations, nor with disease activity. 3. Results The prevalence of anti-PTX3 was higher in EGPA (44.2%) compared to SEA (15.8%) and CRSwNP (7.9%) (p < 0.001). Median OD values were greater in EGPA (0.18) than in SEA (0.11) and CRSwNP (0.07), p < 0.001. Among EGPA patients, 38 (36.5%) were ANCA-positive and 46 (44.2%) were anti-PTX3+; 14 (13.5%) were double-positive, 56 (53.8%) were single-positive (only anti-PTX3+ 30.8%; only ANCA+ 23.1%), and 34 (32.7%) were double-negative. Anti-PTX3 identified 48.5% (32/66) of ANCA− cases, increasing the overall serological yield from 36.5% (ANCA alone) to 67.3% (ANCA or anti-PTX3); the overlap was modest (Jaccard index 0.20). Inhibition tests reduced the signal, supporting assay specificity. Anti-PTX3 was not associated with ANCA status or baseline clinical features. In 31 patients with a second sample collected during follow-up, anti-PTX3 seropositivity decreased from 15/31 (48.4%) to 10/31 (32.3%) (McNemar p = 0.046); seven seroconversions to negative were observed over 579 person-months (incidence 1.21 per 100 person-months). 4. Conclusion Anti-PTX3 autoantibodies are significantly more prevalent in EGPA compared to SEA and CRSwNP, with limited overlap with ANCA. These findings support anti-PTX3 as a complementary biomarker to facilitate early recognition of EGPA.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/93048