Background: Maxillary nerve block is a rarely employed anesthetic technique, mainly due to its presumed technical complexity, despite its potential utility in achieving regional anesthesia of the tissues innervated by the second division of the trigeminal nerve. Objective: The aim of this study is to validate a novel maxillary nerve block technique named “Bacci-Cerrato-Zanette” (BCZ). Materials and Methods: A total of 50 healthy adult patients scheduled for bilateral dental procedures on the maxillary molars requiring hemimaxillary anesthesia were enrolled in this randomized split-mouth clinical trial. The newly proposed BCZ nerve block technique was compared with the well-established "Greater Palatine Tuberosity" (TUB) maxillary nerve block technique described in the literature. Each patient underwent both techniques in two separate sessions, with a minimum interval of one week. The technique used on each hemimaxilla was randomly assigned. In both approaches, 1.8 mL of 4% Articaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine was administered using a 27G, 38mm needle. Pain perceived during needle insertion and anesthetic injection was recorded using a Visual Analog Scale for pain (VAS-D). Pulpal anesthesia was assessed using an electric pulp vitality test, and soft tissue anesthesia was evaluated using the pin-prick test. Post-injection complications were documented. Numerical variables were summarized using median and interquartile range; categorical variables using frequency and percentage. VAS scores were compared using the Mann-Whitney test; anesthesia success, failures, and complications were compared using McNemar’s test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 (two-tailed). Results: Both techniques demonstrated high pulpal anesthetic efficacy in maxillary molars and second premolars, with the BCZ technique showing superior time-dependent efficacy. However, neither technique achieved profound pulpal anesthesia in anterior teeth or first premolars. The BCZ technique was more effective in achieving soft tissue anesthesia in posterior buccal and palatal regions. No statistically significant differences were observed in anterior regions (p > 0.05). The BCZ technique was associated with lower pain levels and a reduced incidence of complications compared to the TUB technique. Conclusions: The data suggest that the anesthetic efficacy of the BCZ and TUB techniques is comparable. Nevertheless, the BCZ technique appears to be associated with fewer adverse events and anesthetic failures. The increased precision of anatomical landmarks used in the BCZ technique may contribute to its greater reproducibility.
Background: Il blocco del nervo mascellare è una tecnica anestesiologica scarsamente eseguita, principalmente a causa della sua presunta complessità tecnica, nonostante la sua utilità nell’indurre un’anestesia regionale dei tessuti innervati dalla seconda branca del nervo trigemino. Scopo dello Studio: il presente studio si propone di validare l’efficacia di una nuova tecnica di blocco anestesiologico del nervo mascellare denominata "Bacci-Cerrato-Zanette" (BCZ). Materiali e Metodi: un totale di 50 pazienti adulti e sani, programmati per interventi odontoiatrici bilaterali sui molari superiori che richiedevano l'anestesia dell'emi-mascella, sono stati arruolati in questo studio clinico randomizzato split-mouth. La validazione della nuova tecnica di blocco anestesiologico BCZ è avvenuta ponendola a confronto con la tecnica di blocco anestesiologico del nervo mascellare denominata “Grande Tuberosità” (TUB) già validata in letteratura. Ciascun paziente è stato sottoposto ad entrambe le tecniche in due sessioni separate, con un intervallo di tempo minimo di una settimana. La scelta della tecnica per ciascuna emi-mascella è avvenuta per randomizzazione. In entrambi i blocchi è stata somministrata una tubofiala di Articaina 4% con adrenalina 1:200.000 da 1.8 ml, utilizzando un ago da 27 G lungo 38 mm. La sintomatologia dolorosa percepita durante l'inserimento dell'ago e l'iniezione dell'anestetico è stata misurata con una scala analogica visiva del dolore (VAS-D). L'efficacia dell'anestesia pulpare è stata valutata tramite un test elettrico di vitalità pulpare, mentre quella dei tessuti molli attraverso il test del pin-prick. Le complicanze post-iniezione sono state documentate. Le variabili sono state sintetizzate mediante mediana e intervallo interquartile (numeriche) o frequenza e percentuale (categoriche). Il confronto della VAS è avvenuto con il test di Mann-Whitney; i fallimenti, gli successi anestetici e le complicanze sono stati confrontati con il test di McNemar. La significatività statistica è stata stabilita a p < 0.05 (test a due code). Risultati: Entrambe le tecniche hanno mostrato un’elevata efficacia anestetica pulpare nei molari e nei secondi premolari, con maggiore efficacia nel tempo per la tecnica BCZ. Tuttavia, nessuna delle due ha garantito un’anestesia pulpare profonda nei denti anteriori e nei primi premolari. La tecnica BCZ si è dimostrata più efficace nell’ottenimento dell’anestesia dei tessuti molli nei settori posteriori vestibolari e palatali. Non sono state notate differenze statisticamente significative tra le due tecniche nei settori anteriori (p > 0.05). La tecnica BCZ è risultata meno dolorosa e con una minore incidenza di complicanze rispetto alla TUB. Conclusioni: I dati indicano che l'efficacia delle due tecniche indagate (BCZ e TUB) è paragonabile. Ciononostante, la tecnica BCZ sembra associarsi a un minor numero di eventi avversi e insuccessi. La maggiore precisione dei punti di repere su cui si basa la tecnica BCZ potrebbe, infatti, renderla più riproducibile.
CONFRONTO TRA DUE TECNICHE DI BLOCCO ANESTESIOLOGICO DEL NERVO MASCELLARE: Tecnica “Grande Tuberositá” VS Tecnica “Bacci-Cerrato-Zanette”
MANERA, CLAUDIA
2024/2025
Abstract
Background: Maxillary nerve block is a rarely employed anesthetic technique, mainly due to its presumed technical complexity, despite its potential utility in achieving regional anesthesia of the tissues innervated by the second division of the trigeminal nerve. Objective: The aim of this study is to validate a novel maxillary nerve block technique named “Bacci-Cerrato-Zanette” (BCZ). Materials and Methods: A total of 50 healthy adult patients scheduled for bilateral dental procedures on the maxillary molars requiring hemimaxillary anesthesia were enrolled in this randomized split-mouth clinical trial. The newly proposed BCZ nerve block technique was compared with the well-established "Greater Palatine Tuberosity" (TUB) maxillary nerve block technique described in the literature. Each patient underwent both techniques in two separate sessions, with a minimum interval of one week. The technique used on each hemimaxilla was randomly assigned. In both approaches, 1.8 mL of 4% Articaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine was administered using a 27G, 38mm needle. Pain perceived during needle insertion and anesthetic injection was recorded using a Visual Analog Scale for pain (VAS-D). Pulpal anesthesia was assessed using an electric pulp vitality test, and soft tissue anesthesia was evaluated using the pin-prick test. Post-injection complications were documented. Numerical variables were summarized using median and interquartile range; categorical variables using frequency and percentage. VAS scores were compared using the Mann-Whitney test; anesthesia success, failures, and complications were compared using McNemar’s test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 (two-tailed). Results: Both techniques demonstrated high pulpal anesthetic efficacy in maxillary molars and second premolars, with the BCZ technique showing superior time-dependent efficacy. However, neither technique achieved profound pulpal anesthesia in anterior teeth or first premolars. The BCZ technique was more effective in achieving soft tissue anesthesia in posterior buccal and palatal regions. No statistically significant differences were observed in anterior regions (p > 0.05). The BCZ technique was associated with lower pain levels and a reduced incidence of complications compared to the TUB technique. Conclusions: The data suggest that the anesthetic efficacy of the BCZ and TUB techniques is comparable. Nevertheless, the BCZ technique appears to be associated with fewer adverse events and anesthetic failures. The increased precision of anatomical landmarks used in the BCZ technique may contribute to its greater reproducibility.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/93097