Background: Intraoperative blood loss (BL) is a widely acknowledged prognostic factor in hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) surgery, traditionally associated with postoperative morbidity and mortality1–4. However, its clinical significance is undermined by the absence of a standardized and validated methodology for its estimation, leading to substantial heterogeneity across studies and limiting comparability of outcomes1,5. To address this gap, the European–African Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association (E-AHPBA) recently proposed a standardized method based on objective, reproducible parameters6. The aim of our study is to validate this method in our patient cohort. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study at the HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation Department at the University Hospital of Padua, including patients undergoing pancreatic resections, liver resections, and liver transplantation between May 1 and September 30, 2025. A descriptive analysis was performed according to subgroups (pancreatic resections, hepatic resections, and liver transplantation). Data were collected intraoperatively using the E-AHPBA standardized method, which combines aspirated volume corrected for irrigation, gauze weight, and adjustments for bile and ascitic fluid6. The relationship between BL and postoperative outcomes was evaluated through univariate analysis. Results: A total of 107 patients were analyzed, and the standardized method proved feasible in all cases. Median blood loss (BL) varied across subgroups, being lowest in hepatic resections (304 mL, IQR 100–1331), intermediate in pancreatic resections (701 mL, IQR 105–1224), and highest in liver transplantation (1764 mL, IQR 1316–2446). As expected, univariate analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between BL and intraoperative transfusion requirements across all subgroups. However, no significant associations were found between higher BL and either major postoperative complications (Clavien–Dindo grade ≥ 3) or postoperative transfusions. Conclusions: The E-AHPBA standardized method for BL estimation is reproducible and applicable to different HPB procedures. While intraoperative transfusion correlated positively with increasing BL, the impact of intraoperative bleeding on major postoperative outcomes appeared less clear than previously assumed. Larger, multicenter studies are warranted to clarify the real impact of intraoperative BL on clinical outcomes.
Background: Le perdite ematiche intraoperatorie (BL) sono un fattore prognostico ampiamente riconosciuto in chirurgia epatobiliopancreatica (HPB), tradizionalmente associato a morbilità e mortalità postoperatorie1–4. Tuttavia, la loro rilevanza clinica risulta inficiata dall’assenza di una metodologia standardizzata e validata per la loro stima, con conseguente marcata eterogeneità tra gli studi e limitata comparabilità dei risultati1,5. Per colmare questa lacuna, la European–African Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association (E-AHPBA) ha recentemente proposto un metodo standardizzato basato su parametri oggettivi e riproducibili6. L’obiettivo del nostro studio è validare tale metodo nella nostra coorte di pazienti. Metodi: Abbiamo condotto uno studio prospettico osservazionale presso l’Unità di Chirurgia HPB e Trapianti di Fegato dell’Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Padova, includendo pazienti sottoposti a resezioni pancreatiche, epatiche e a trapianto di fegato tra il 1° maggio e il 30 settembre 2025. È stata condotta un’analisi descrittiva suddividendo i pazienti in sottogruppi (resezioni pancreatiche, resezioni epatiche e trapianto di fegato). I dati sono stati raccolti intraoperatoriamente utilizzando il metodo standardizzato E-AHPBA, che considera il volume aspirato corretto per i lavaggi e altri fattori confondenti (es. ascite), sommato alla differenza di peso tra le garze intrise di materiale ematico e il corrispettivo asciutto6. La relazione tra BL ed esiti postoperatori è stata valutata mediante analisi univariata. Risultati: Sono stati analizzati complessivamente 107 pazienti, e il metodo standardizzato si è dimostrato applicabile in tutti i casi. La perdita ematica mediana (BL) è risultata diversa nei diversi sottogruppi, risultando più bassa nelle resezioni epatiche (304 mL, IQR 100–1331), intermedia nelle resezioni pancreatiche (701 mL, IQR 105–1224) e più elevata nei trapianti di fegato (1764 mL, IQR 1316–2446). Come atteso, l’analisi univariata ha evidenziato una correlazione positiva tra BL e necessità trasfusionali intraoperatorie in tutti i sottogruppi. Non sono invece emerse associazioni significative tra le perdite ematiche intraoperatorie e l’insorgenza di complicanze postoperatorie maggiori (Clavien–Dindo ≥ 3) o trasfusioni postoperatorie. Conclusioni: Il metodo standardizzato E-AHPBA per la stima della BL si conferma riproducibile e applicabile a differenti procedure HPB. Sebbene le necessità trasfusionali intraoperatorie risultino positivamente correlate con l’aumento della BL, l’impatto del sanguinamento intraoperatorio sugli esiti postoperatori maggiori appare meno netto di quanto ipotizzato in precedenza. È necessaria una validazione a livello multicentrico per chiarire il reale impatto delle BL intraoperatorie sugli esiti clinici.
Validation of the Novel Standardized Blood Loss Estimation Method of the European–African Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association
PHAM, NGOC CHAM
2024/2025
Abstract
Background: Intraoperative blood loss (BL) is a widely acknowledged prognostic factor in hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) surgery, traditionally associated with postoperative morbidity and mortality1–4. However, its clinical significance is undermined by the absence of a standardized and validated methodology for its estimation, leading to substantial heterogeneity across studies and limiting comparability of outcomes1,5. To address this gap, the European–African Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association (E-AHPBA) recently proposed a standardized method based on objective, reproducible parameters6. The aim of our study is to validate this method in our patient cohort. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study at the HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation Department at the University Hospital of Padua, including patients undergoing pancreatic resections, liver resections, and liver transplantation between May 1 and September 30, 2025. A descriptive analysis was performed according to subgroups (pancreatic resections, hepatic resections, and liver transplantation). Data were collected intraoperatively using the E-AHPBA standardized method, which combines aspirated volume corrected for irrigation, gauze weight, and adjustments for bile and ascitic fluid6. The relationship between BL and postoperative outcomes was evaluated through univariate analysis. Results: A total of 107 patients were analyzed, and the standardized method proved feasible in all cases. Median blood loss (BL) varied across subgroups, being lowest in hepatic resections (304 mL, IQR 100–1331), intermediate in pancreatic resections (701 mL, IQR 105–1224), and highest in liver transplantation (1764 mL, IQR 1316–2446). As expected, univariate analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between BL and intraoperative transfusion requirements across all subgroups. However, no significant associations were found between higher BL and either major postoperative complications (Clavien–Dindo grade ≥ 3) or postoperative transfusions. Conclusions: The E-AHPBA standardized method for BL estimation is reproducible and applicable to different HPB procedures. While intraoperative transfusion correlated positively with increasing BL, the impact of intraoperative bleeding on major postoperative outcomes appeared less clear than previously assumed. Larger, multicenter studies are warranted to clarify the real impact of intraoperative BL on clinical outcomes.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/93213