This contribution aims to critically examine the legal framework and the functioning of the International Criminal Court (ICC), with particular reference to its normative foundations, the potential gaps within the Rome Statute, and the implications these may have on the effectiveness of international judicial action. The research focuses specifically on the exercise of the Court’s jurisdiction over the situation in the Occupied Palestinian Territories, offering a detailed analysis of the jurisdictional requirements from temporal, territorial, and material perspectives. It reconstructs the process of Palestine’s gradual international recognition, culminating in its formal accession to the Rome Statute in 2015, which enabled the ICC to exercise jurisdiction over crimes allegedly committed therein. The study also examines the mechanisms for triggering jurisdiction, as well as the Office of the Prosecutor’s preliminary examination procedure. The second part of the paper is devoted to analyzing the investigations conducted by the Court into crimes allegedly committed by both parties to the conflict, namely, the leadership of Hamas and the Israeli authorities. The alleged conduct, which includes war crimes and crimes against humanity, is assessed in light of the available evidence and the Court’s jurisprudence. Particular attention is given to the Prosecutor’s decision not to charge the crime of genocide, despite the presence of potentially relevant acts, and a critical reflection is offered on the consistency of the case selection criteria. Finally, the contribution addresses issues related to the execution of arrest warrants, the lack of cooperation from non-State Parties to the Rome Statute, and the question of head-of-state immunity. By referring to the precedents of Al-Bashir and Putin, the work analyzes the Court’s approach regarding the irrelevance of immunities in the case of the most serious international crimes. Ultimately, the Israeli-Palestinian case emerges as a crucial test for the credibility, impartiality, and effectiveness of international criminal justice within the current geopolitical context.
Il presente contributo si propone di esaminare in chiave critica il quadro giuridico e l’operato della Corte penale internazionale (CPI), con particolare riferimento alle basi normative, alle eventuali lacune dello Statuto di Roma e alle implicazioni derivanti dalla loro incidenza sull’effettività dell’azione giudiziaria internazionale. La ricerca si concentra, in particolare, sull’esercizio della giurisdizione della Corte nei confronti della situazione nei territori palestinesi occupati, con un’analisi articolata dei presupposti giurisdizionali sotto il profilo temporale, territoriale e materiale. Viene ricostruito il percorso di progressivo riconoscimento internazionale della Palestina, culminato con l’adesione formale allo Statuto nel 2015, che ha consentito l’attivazione della giurisdizione della CPI per gli eventuali crimini ivi commessi. Lo studio prende in esame i meccanismi di attivazione della giurisdizione, nonché il procedimento di valutazione preliminare delle situazioni da parte dell’Ufficio del Procuratore. La seconda parte del lavoro è dedicata all’analisi delle indagini condotte dalla Corte in relazione ai crimini asseritamente commessi da entrambe le parti in conflitto, i vertici di Hamas e le autorità israeliane. Le condotte contestate, che includono crimini di guerra e crimini contro l’umanità, sono valutate alla luce del materiale probatorio disponibile e della giurisprudenza della Corte. Si evidenzia, in particolare, la decisione del Procuratore di non contestare il crimine di genocidio, pur in presenza di condotte potenzialmente rilevanti, e si riflette criticamente sulla coerenza dei criteri di selezione dei casi. Infine, il contributo affronta le problematiche connesse all’esecuzione dei mandati d’arresto, alla mancata cooperazione da parte di Stati non aderenti allo Statuto di Roma e alla questione delle immunità dei capi di Stato. Richiamando i precedenti relativi ad Al-Bashir e Putin, si analizza l’approccio adottato dalla Corte in ordine all’inopponibilità delle immunità per i crimini internazionali più gravi. Il caso israelo-palestinese si configura, in ultima analisi, come un banco di prova emblematico per la credibilità, l’imparzialità e l’efficacia della giustizia penale internazionale nel contesto geopolitico contemporaneo.
"Il coinvolgimento della Corte Penale Internazionale nella Situazione Palestinese: questioni sostanziali e procedurali"
BASSO, ALESSANDRO
2024/2025
Abstract
This contribution aims to critically examine the legal framework and the functioning of the International Criminal Court (ICC), with particular reference to its normative foundations, the potential gaps within the Rome Statute, and the implications these may have on the effectiveness of international judicial action. The research focuses specifically on the exercise of the Court’s jurisdiction over the situation in the Occupied Palestinian Territories, offering a detailed analysis of the jurisdictional requirements from temporal, territorial, and material perspectives. It reconstructs the process of Palestine’s gradual international recognition, culminating in its formal accession to the Rome Statute in 2015, which enabled the ICC to exercise jurisdiction over crimes allegedly committed therein. The study also examines the mechanisms for triggering jurisdiction, as well as the Office of the Prosecutor’s preliminary examination procedure. The second part of the paper is devoted to analyzing the investigations conducted by the Court into crimes allegedly committed by both parties to the conflict, namely, the leadership of Hamas and the Israeli authorities. The alleged conduct, which includes war crimes and crimes against humanity, is assessed in light of the available evidence and the Court’s jurisprudence. Particular attention is given to the Prosecutor’s decision not to charge the crime of genocide, despite the presence of potentially relevant acts, and a critical reflection is offered on the consistency of the case selection criteria. Finally, the contribution addresses issues related to the execution of arrest warrants, the lack of cooperation from non-State Parties to the Rome Statute, and the question of head-of-state immunity. By referring to the precedents of Al-Bashir and Putin, the work analyzes the Court’s approach regarding the irrelevance of immunities in the case of the most serious international crimes. Ultimately, the Israeli-Palestinian case emerges as a crucial test for the credibility, impartiality, and effectiveness of international criminal justice within the current geopolitical context.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/93296