In everyday language, the term sanction, although it refers to a specific legal institution, is often used as an umbrella term encompassing various types of instruments employed by actors in International Law to respond to conduct they deem wrongful—whether such conduct constitutes an internationally wrongful act or merely an unfriendly act—committed by another subject. This thesis aims to examine the legal classification and possible definition of international sanctions, proceeding with a distinction between sanctions, reprisals, and countermeasures—concepts that all fall within the broader category of coercive measures not involving the use of force—with particular attention devoted to countermeasures. A comparison will then be drawn between sanctions imposed by the United Nations and measures adopted by the European Union, without overlooking the negative effects that coercive measures can have on civilian populations. Finally, a concrete application of the legal institutions discussed will be examined through the case of coercive measures imposed on the Russian Federation.
Nel linguaggio comune, spesso il termine sanzione, sebbene designi uno specifico istituto giuridico, viene usato come un ombrello che ricomprende sotto di sé diverse tipologie di strumenti cui gli attori del Diritto Internazionale fanno ricorso per reagire ad un comportamento che ritengono scorretto, costituente anche un illecito ai sensi del Diritto Internazionale o un semplice atto inamichevole, posto in essere da un altro soggetto. L'obiettivo di questa tesi sarà esaminare dapprima l’inquadramento giuridico e la definizione che si può dare di “sanzioni internazionali”, passando poi alla distinzione tra sanzioni, ritorsioni e contromisure, quali concetti rientranti tutti nella più ampia categoria delle misure coercitive non implicanti l’uso della forza. Si darà ampio spazio allo strumento delle contromisure, specie quelle di terze parti in quanto istituto più controverso. Si farà poi un confronto tra le sanzioni imposte dell'ONU e le misure applicate dall'Unione Europea, senza trascurare gli effetti negativi delle misure coercitive per la popolazione civile. Infine, si avrà modo di vedere un'applicazione concreta degli istituti giuridici di cui si è discusso prendendo a modello il caso delle misure coercitive applicate alla Federazione Russa.
Le Misure coercitive nel Diritto Internazionale
PALADIN, MATTIA
2024/2025
Abstract
In everyday language, the term sanction, although it refers to a specific legal institution, is often used as an umbrella term encompassing various types of instruments employed by actors in International Law to respond to conduct they deem wrongful—whether such conduct constitutes an internationally wrongful act or merely an unfriendly act—committed by another subject. This thesis aims to examine the legal classification and possible definition of international sanctions, proceeding with a distinction between sanctions, reprisals, and countermeasures—concepts that all fall within the broader category of coercive measures not involving the use of force—with particular attention devoted to countermeasures. A comparison will then be drawn between sanctions imposed by the United Nations and measures adopted by the European Union, without overlooking the negative effects that coercive measures can have on civilian populations. Finally, a concrete application of the legal institutions discussed will be examined through the case of coercive measures imposed on the Russian Federation.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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LE MISURE COERCITIVE NEL DIRITTO INTERNAZIONALE.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/93300