Introduction: Pertussis still represents a major public health issue worldwide, despite the introduction of vaccination having drastically reduced its incidence and mortality. In recent decades, a resurgence of the disease has been observed in Europe and in Italy, due to several factors, primarily the waning of vaccine-induced immunity. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of whooping cough with and without microbiological confirmation in Italian children aged 0–14 years between 2010 and 2024 and specifically: (1) to describe the trends in the incidence of whooping cough (2) to analyze the associated antibiotic prescriptions. Further, we assessed the regional trends in pertussis vaccination coverage rates at 24 months among Italian children between 2004 and 2021. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational analysis using data from family pediatricians participating in the Pedianet Network. Cases of whooping cough with and without microbiological confirmation, coded according to ICD-9-CM or identified through free text in medical notes or prescriptions, were included and manually validated to exclude false positives. Follow-up was calculated for each child from birth or enrollment until the 14th birthday, disenrollment, or study end date. Incidence rates (IR) were estimated by dividing the number of cases per 100,000 person-years and 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Yearly IRs were stratified by age class and further analyses were conducted including only children residing in the Veneto Region. Pertussis vaccination coverage rates (VCR) were retrieved from the National Institute of Health reports and visualized with a heatmap. Results: A total of 455,751 children aged 0–14 years were included between 2010 and 2024, with 5,563 cases of whooping cough identified. The highest IR was observed in 2024 across all age groups, peaking at 2,000 per 100,000 person-years among children aged 10–14 years. The lowest IR was recorded during 2020–2021 across all ages. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the highest IR was observed in children 2-12 months in 2018 (390 x 100,000 person-years). Overall 3,689 cases (66,3%) were treated with an antibiotic, predominantly macrolides (85,5%). Azithromycin and clarithromycin showed opposite trends after 2018, with increased azithromycin prescriptions and decreased clarithromycin prescriptions among children older than 1 year. Pertussis vaccination coverage rates in Italian children were the highest in the 2005 cohort (97%) and the lowest in 2013 cohort (93%). Among the different regions, the province of Bolzen was the one with the lowest VCR, reaching the lowest value in 2021 with 75%. Particularly in the Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia Regions, VCR were noted to decline starting from the 2010 cohort (90% lowest value) to raise again after 2017 and reaching a 97% VCR for the 2021 cohort. Conclusions: Pertussis continues to represent a public health problem. It is therefore necessary to strengthen prevention strategies, promote maternal vaccination and booster doses in adulthood, and ensure stricter surveillance in order to further reduce the disease burden.
Introduzione: La pertosse è ancora un importante problema di sanità pubblica a livello mondiale, nonostante l’introduzione della vaccinazione ne abbia drasticamente ridotto incidenza e mortalità. Negli ultimi decenni, in Europa e in Italia è stata osservata una recrudescenza della malattia, dovuta principalmente al calo dell’immunità indotta dal vaccino. Obiettivi: Lo scopo di questo studio era valutare l’epidemiologia della pertosse e tosse pertussoide nella popolazione pediatrica italiana 0-14 anni tra il 2010 e il 2024 e nello specifico: (1)descriverne il trend di incidenza; (2)analizzare le prescrizioni di antibiotici. (3) Inoltre, abbiamo valutato i trend regionali nei tassi di copertura vaccinale a 24 mesi in Italia per le coorti di nascita dal 2004 al 2021. Metodi: Abbiamo condotto un’analisi osservazionale retrospettiva utilizzando le informazioni registrate dai pediatri di libera scelta partecipanti alla rete Pedianet. Sono stati inclusi i casi con diagnosi di pertosse, codificati secondo ICD-9-CM o riportati come testo libero nelle note cliniche o prescrizioni, successivamente validati manualmente per escludere falsi positivi. Il follow-up partiva dalla data di nascita o di arruolamento fino al 14º compleanno, alla fine dell’assistenza o alla data di fine dello studio. I tassi di incidenza (IR) sono stati stimati dividendo il numero di casi per 100.000 anni-persona con intervalli di confidenza al 95%. Gli IR annuali sono stati stratificati per classi d’età e ulteriori analisi sono state condotte includendo solo i bambini residenti nel Veneto. I tassi di copertura vaccinale (VCR) sono stati recuperati dai rapporti dell’Istituto Superiore di Sanità e descritti mediante una “heatmap”. Risultati: L’analisi ha incluso 455.751 bambini di età 0-14 anni dal 2010 al 2024, con 5.563 casi di pertosse e tosse pertussoide identificati. L’IR più elevato è stato osservato nel 2024 per tutte le classi di età, raggiungendo i 2.000 casi x 100.000 anni-persona nei bambini 10-14 anni. L’IR più basso è stato osservato negli anni 2020-2021 per tutte le classi d’età. Prima della pandemia di COVID-19, l’IR più elevato è stato osservato nei bambini di 2-12 mesi d’età nel 2018 (390 x 100.000 persone-anno). Complessivamente sono stati trattati con antibiotico 3.689 casi (66,3%), per la maggior parte con macrolidi (85,5%). Azitromicina e claritromicina hanno mostrato un differente andamento annuale nelle varie classi di età dopo il 2018, con bambini di età maggiore di 1 anno che hanno mostrato un aumento di prescrizioni di azitromicina e una diminuzione di prescrizioni di claritromicina. I tassi di copertura vaccinale nei bambini italiani sono stati i più alti per la coorte di nascita del 2005 (97%) e i più bassi per quella del 2013 (93%). Tra le diverse regioni, la provincia di Bolzano era quella con il VCR più basso, raggiungendo il minimo nel 2021 con il 75%. In particolare, nelle Regioni Veneto e Friuli-Venezia Giulia, i VCR hanno mostrato un calo a partire dalla coorte 2010 (valore minimo 90%) per risalire dopo il 2017, raggiungendo un VCR di 97% per la coorte 2021. Conclusioni: La pertosse rappresenta ancora un problema di sanità pubblica. È necessario rafforzare le strategie di prevenzione, promuovere la vaccinazione materna e le dosi di richiamo in età adulta e garantire una sorveglianza più rigorosa, per ridurre ulteriormente il carico della malattia.
Epidemiologia della pertosse e tosse pertussoide in età pediatrica in Italia: un'analisi retrospettiva usando il database nazionale Pedianet.
MASENELLO, SOFIA
2024/2025
Abstract
Introduction: Pertussis still represents a major public health issue worldwide, despite the introduction of vaccination having drastically reduced its incidence and mortality. In recent decades, a resurgence of the disease has been observed in Europe and in Italy, due to several factors, primarily the waning of vaccine-induced immunity. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of whooping cough with and without microbiological confirmation in Italian children aged 0–14 years between 2010 and 2024 and specifically: (1) to describe the trends in the incidence of whooping cough (2) to analyze the associated antibiotic prescriptions. Further, we assessed the regional trends in pertussis vaccination coverage rates at 24 months among Italian children between 2004 and 2021. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational analysis using data from family pediatricians participating in the Pedianet Network. Cases of whooping cough with and without microbiological confirmation, coded according to ICD-9-CM or identified through free text in medical notes or prescriptions, were included and manually validated to exclude false positives. Follow-up was calculated for each child from birth or enrollment until the 14th birthday, disenrollment, or study end date. Incidence rates (IR) were estimated by dividing the number of cases per 100,000 person-years and 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Yearly IRs were stratified by age class and further analyses were conducted including only children residing in the Veneto Region. Pertussis vaccination coverage rates (VCR) were retrieved from the National Institute of Health reports and visualized with a heatmap. Results: A total of 455,751 children aged 0–14 years were included between 2010 and 2024, with 5,563 cases of whooping cough identified. The highest IR was observed in 2024 across all age groups, peaking at 2,000 per 100,000 person-years among children aged 10–14 years. The lowest IR was recorded during 2020–2021 across all ages. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the highest IR was observed in children 2-12 months in 2018 (390 x 100,000 person-years). Overall 3,689 cases (66,3%) were treated with an antibiotic, predominantly macrolides (85,5%). Azithromycin and clarithromycin showed opposite trends after 2018, with increased azithromycin prescriptions and decreased clarithromycin prescriptions among children older than 1 year. Pertussis vaccination coverage rates in Italian children were the highest in the 2005 cohort (97%) and the lowest in 2013 cohort (93%). Among the different regions, the province of Bolzen was the one with the lowest VCR, reaching the lowest value in 2021 with 75%. Particularly in the Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia Regions, VCR were noted to decline starting from the 2010 cohort (90% lowest value) to raise again after 2017 and reaching a 97% VCR for the 2021 cohort. Conclusions: Pertussis continues to represent a public health problem. It is therefore necessary to strengthen prevention strategies, promote maternal vaccination and booster doses in adulthood, and ensure stricter surveillance in order to further reduce the disease burden.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Masenello_Sofia.pdf
Accesso riservato
Dimensione
2.41 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
2.41 MB | Adobe PDF |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/93316