This study aims to describe the progression of bone healing processes in microvascular flaps within the context of maxillofacial reconstruction, exploring the influence of adjuvant radiotherapy. The research therefore seeks to identify any significant differences in ossification and bone remodeling processes between irradiated and non-irradiated patients, in order to more thoroughly characterize the biological impact of radiotherapy on microvascular flaps. A comparative retrospective investigation was conducted on adult patients who underwent microvascular reconstruction of the cervico-facial region between 2015 and 2025 at the Maxillofacial and Otolaryngology Surgery Unit of Padua University Hospital. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups based on whether they received adjuvant radiotherapy or not. The quantitative analysis of bone healing was performed using CT scans acquired at three time intervals: immediate postoperative, at 6 months, and at 12 months or later. The radiological images, retrieved from the hospital PACS system, were evaluated focusing on three main parameters: the contact surface area, the volume of any potential gap between bone segments, and tissue density expressed in Hounsfield Units, measured at the vestibular and internal aspects, at the contact points. Measurements were performed using the MedStation visualization software. Additional clinical variables were also recorded and analyzed, including age, sex, smoking status, cardiovascular comorbidities and diabetes mellitus to enrich the study. The study, conducted on 17 patients (43 bone interfaces analyzed), revealed that adjuvant radiotherapy exerts a dual effect on bone healing in maxillofacial reconstructions. While it globally compromises the reparative dynamics by reducing the effectiveness of the healing process, it simultaneously induces an unexpected increase in bone density on the internal aspect. Alongside radiation treatment, factors such as smoking and cardiovascular comorbidities show a markedly negative impact, while diabetes presents contrasting effects on different healing parameters. The analysis further reveals the influence of demographic and anatomical variables, with better performance associated with advanced age, female gender, and specific types of bone contact. Adjuvant radiotherapy significantly impacts both the timing and manner of healing in transplanted bone tissue, modulating the processes of ossification and remodeling. The analysis further reveals the significant influence of demographic, anatomical, and clinical variables. The findings advocate for more sophisticated densitometric monitoring and pave the way for research to elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying bone response to radiation. This knowledge is crucial for optimizing radioprotective strategies and improving outcomes in maxillofacial reconstruction patients.
Il presente studio è finalizzato a descrivere l’andamento dei processi di guarigione ossea dei lembi microvascolarizzati nel contesto della ricostruzione maxillo-facciale, esplorando in particolare l’influenza della radioterapia adiuvante. La ricerca si propone, dunque, di identificare eventuali differenze significative nei processi di ossificazione e rimodellamento osseo tra pazienti irradiati e non irradiati, al fine di caratterizzare più approfonditamente l'impatto biologico della radioterapia sui lembi microvascolarizzati. È stata condotta un’indagine retrospettiva comparativa su pazienti maggiorenni sottoposti a ricostruzione microvascolare del distretto cervico-facciale tra il 2015 e il 2025, presso l’Unità Operativa Complessa di Chirurgia Maxillo-Facciale e di Otorinolaringoiatria dell’Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova. I pazienti che soddisfacevano i criteri di inclusione sono stati suddivisi in due gruppi in base all'esposizione a radioterapia adiuvante o meno. L'analisi quantitativa della guarigione ossea è stata condotta avvalendosi di esami TC eseguiti a tre intervalli temporali, ovvero nel post-operatorio immediato, a 6 mesi e a 12 mesi o oltre. Le immagini radiologiche, acquisite dal sistema PACS ospedaliero, sono state valutate focalizzandosi su tre parametri principali: la superficie di contatto e il volume di un eventuale gap tra segmenti ossei e il valore medio in Unità Hounsfield della densità del tessuto, misurata a livello del versante vestibolare e interno, sempre a livello dei punti di contatto. Le misurazioni sono state effettuate utilizzando il software di visualizzazione MedStation. Sono state inoltre registrate e analizzate variabili cliniche aggiuntive, tra cui età, sesso, abitudine tabagica, presenza di comorbidità cardiovascolari e diabete mellito per arricchire lo studio. Lo studio, condotto su 17 pazienti (43 interfacce ossee analizzate), ha evidenziato che la radioterapia adiuvante esercita un duplice effetto sulla guarigione ossea in ricostruzioni maxillo-facciali. Se da un lato compromette globalmente la dinamica riparativa riducendo l'efficacia del processo di guarigione, dall'altro induce un inatteso aumento della densità ossea sul versante interno. Accanto al trattamento radiante, fattori come fumo e comorbidità cardiovascolari mostrano un impatto marcatamente negativo, mentre il diabete presenta effetti contrastanti su diversi parametri di guarigione. L'analisi rivela inoltre l'influenza di variabili demografiche e anatomiche, con performance migliori associate all'età avanzata, al genere femminile e a specifiche tipologie di contatto osseo. La radioterapia adiuvante esercita un impatto significativo sia sulle tempistiche che sulle modalità di guarigione del tessuto osseo trapiantato, modulando i processi di ossificazione e rimodellamento. L'analisi rivela inoltre l'influenza significativa di variabili demografiche, anatomiche e cliniche. Le evidenze emerse sollecitano un monitoraggio più raffinato dei parametri densitometrici e aprono la strada a future ricerche volte a chiarire i meccanismi biologici alla base della risposta ossea alle radiazioni, con l'obiettivo di ottimizzare le strategie radioprotettive e migliorare gli outcomes dei pazienti sottoposti a ricostruzione maxillo-facciale.
Guarigione sequenziale dei lembi ossei rivascolarizzati nella ricostruzione dei mascellari: analisi morfometrica retrospettiva
BURLON, VIRGINIA
2024/2025
Abstract
This study aims to describe the progression of bone healing processes in microvascular flaps within the context of maxillofacial reconstruction, exploring the influence of adjuvant radiotherapy. The research therefore seeks to identify any significant differences in ossification and bone remodeling processes between irradiated and non-irradiated patients, in order to more thoroughly characterize the biological impact of radiotherapy on microvascular flaps. A comparative retrospective investigation was conducted on adult patients who underwent microvascular reconstruction of the cervico-facial region between 2015 and 2025 at the Maxillofacial and Otolaryngology Surgery Unit of Padua University Hospital. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups based on whether they received adjuvant radiotherapy or not. The quantitative analysis of bone healing was performed using CT scans acquired at three time intervals: immediate postoperative, at 6 months, and at 12 months or later. The radiological images, retrieved from the hospital PACS system, were evaluated focusing on three main parameters: the contact surface area, the volume of any potential gap between bone segments, and tissue density expressed in Hounsfield Units, measured at the vestibular and internal aspects, at the contact points. Measurements were performed using the MedStation visualization software. Additional clinical variables were also recorded and analyzed, including age, sex, smoking status, cardiovascular comorbidities and diabetes mellitus to enrich the study. The study, conducted on 17 patients (43 bone interfaces analyzed), revealed that adjuvant radiotherapy exerts a dual effect on bone healing in maxillofacial reconstructions. While it globally compromises the reparative dynamics by reducing the effectiveness of the healing process, it simultaneously induces an unexpected increase in bone density on the internal aspect. Alongside radiation treatment, factors such as smoking and cardiovascular comorbidities show a markedly negative impact, while diabetes presents contrasting effects on different healing parameters. The analysis further reveals the influence of demographic and anatomical variables, with better performance associated with advanced age, female gender, and specific types of bone contact. Adjuvant radiotherapy significantly impacts both the timing and manner of healing in transplanted bone tissue, modulating the processes of ossification and remodeling. The analysis further reveals the significant influence of demographic, anatomical, and clinical variables. The findings advocate for more sophisticated densitometric monitoring and pave the way for research to elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying bone response to radiation. This knowledge is crucial for optimizing radioprotective strategies and improving outcomes in maxillofacial reconstruction patients.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/93449