In today’s business, the analysis and the assessments performed by the company’s stakeholders require adequate and reliable information. The main instrument to satisfy these information needs is represented by the annual financial statement, which, pursuant to article 2423 of the Italian Civil Code, must be drawn up accordingly to the principles of clarity, fairness and truth. In particular, compliance with the aforementioned article is the assumption on which the quantitative, qualitative and trend analysis performed by the banks are based, for the final purpose of the creditworthiness assessment and for the rating assignment. However, frequently companies tend to reduce the amount of information disclosed through the financial statement, in order to maintain confidentiality about key strategic aspects, like the sources of competitive advantage, the critical success factors or trade secrets. Nevertheless, this situation creates information asymmetries between the business that draws up the financial statement and its users, and, consequently, leads to a suboptimal allocation of financial resources. The present work aims to understand the usefulness of financial reporting in the creditworthiness assessment process of a company, considering also the issues related to asymmetric information and exploring potential solutions.
Con riferimento alle realtà aziendali odierne, le analisi e le valutazioni condotte dai portatori d’interesse dell’impresa necessitano di basi informative adeguate ed affidabili. Il principale strumento che soddisfa tale fabbisogno informativo è rappresentato dal bilancio d’esercizio, il quale, ai sensi dell’art. 2423 c.c., comma 2, “deve essere redatto con chiarezza e deve rappresentare in modo veritiero e corretto la situazione patrimoniale e finanziaria della società e il risultato economico dell'esercizio”. In particolare, l’osservanza della predetta disposizione è il presupposto su cui si basano le analisi di natura quantitativa, qualitativa e andamentale condotte dagli istituti di credito ai fini della valutazione del merito creditizio e dell’assegnazione del rating. Tuttavia, sovente le società a cui si rivolgono gli art. 2423 e seguenti c.c. tendono a contingentare le informazioni divulgate tramite la pubblicazione del bilancio, con l’obiettivo di preservare la riservatezza in merito a determinati aspetti di importanza strategica per l’azienda, quali le fonti del vantaggio competitivo, i fattori critici di successo o i segreti industriali. Questa situazione, però, conduce alla generazione di asimmetrie informative tra l’azienda che redige il bilancio e gli utilizzatori dello stesso, e di conseguenza provoca un’allocazione non del tutto ottimale delle risorse finanziarie. Con il presente elaborato si intende comprendere l’utilità dell’informativa di bilancio nella fase di valutazione del merito creditizio di un’impresa, tenendo in considerazione le problematiche legate all’informazione asimmetrica e valutando i possibili correttivi.
L'informativa di bilancio ai fini della valutazione del merito creditizio
GARLISI, STEFANO FRANCESCO
2024/2025
Abstract
In today’s business, the analysis and the assessments performed by the company’s stakeholders require adequate and reliable information. The main instrument to satisfy these information needs is represented by the annual financial statement, which, pursuant to article 2423 of the Italian Civil Code, must be drawn up accordingly to the principles of clarity, fairness and truth. In particular, compliance with the aforementioned article is the assumption on which the quantitative, qualitative and trend analysis performed by the banks are based, for the final purpose of the creditworthiness assessment and for the rating assignment. However, frequently companies tend to reduce the amount of information disclosed through the financial statement, in order to maintain confidentiality about key strategic aspects, like the sources of competitive advantage, the critical success factors or trade secrets. Nevertheless, this situation creates information asymmetries between the business that draws up the financial statement and its users, and, consequently, leads to a suboptimal allocation of financial resources. The present work aims to understand the usefulness of financial reporting in the creditworthiness assessment process of a company, considering also the issues related to asymmetric information and exploring potential solutions.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/93551