The aim of this paper is to outline and deepen the issue of the exercise of the power of remote control over the employment relationship, which can be configured as any surveillance activity on the work performance carried out through the use of audiovisual systems or technological tools. Firstly, the examination introduces the generality of the powers attributed to the employer, focusing on the notion of control, which falls within the aforementioned faculties abstractly recognized to the employer. It goes on to identify the types of control over the employment relationship provided for by the Workers' Statute, distinguishing between checks carried out by people and remote controls. The paper follows by introducing the main regulatory sources of the power of remote control, starting from a content analysis of Article 4 of the Workers' Statute, with a view to the transformation carried out with the Jobs Act of 2015 with a focus on highlighting the difference with the previous legislation, as well as EU Regulation 2016/679 (GDPR) and the provisions of the Privacy Guarantor. The same chapter also analyzes the main means and technological tools with which to exercise forms of remote control. Finally, the case of hidden defensive controls, put in place by the employer if it is necessary to ascertain torts of a non-contractual nature, identifying their limits and discipline, as well as using the Lopez Ribalda case, is explored.
Il presente elaborato pone come obiettivo delineare e approfondire il tema dell’esercizio del potere di controllo a distanza sul rapporto di lavoro, configurabile come qualsiasi attività di sorveglianza sulla prestazione lavorativa svolta attraverso l’uso di impianti audiovisivi o strumenti tecnologici. In primo luogo, la disamina introduce la generalità dei poteri attribuiti al datore di lavoro, concentrandosi sulla nozione di controllo, che rientra tra le suddette facoltà astrattamente riconosciute al datore di lavoro. Prosegue individuando le tipologie di controllo sul rapporto di lavoro previste dallo Statuto dei lavoratori, distinguendo i controlli fatti per il tramite di persone e i controlli a distanza. L’elaborato segue introducendo le principali fonti regolative del potere di controllo a distanza, a partire da un’analisi contenutistica dell’art 4 dello Statuto dei Lavoratori, nell’ottica della trasformazione operata con il Jobs Act del 2015 con focus nell’evidenziare la differenza con la disciplina anteriforma, nonché il Regolamento UE 2016/679 (GDPR) e i provvedimenti del Garante della Privacy. Nel medesimo capitolo si analizzano, inoltre, i principali mezzi e strumenti tecnologici con cui esercitare forme di controllo a distanza. Infine, viene approfondita la fattispecie dei controlli occulti difensivi, posti in essere dal datore di lavoro qualora risulti necessario accertare illeciti di natura extracontrattuale, individuandone i limiti e la disciplina, nonché servendosi del caso Lopez Ribalda.
Il controllo a distanza dei lavoratori: il caso Lòpez Ribalda e i controlli occulti difensivi
MANENTE, SOFIA
2024/2025
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to outline and deepen the issue of the exercise of the power of remote control over the employment relationship, which can be configured as any surveillance activity on the work performance carried out through the use of audiovisual systems or technological tools. Firstly, the examination introduces the generality of the powers attributed to the employer, focusing on the notion of control, which falls within the aforementioned faculties abstractly recognized to the employer. It goes on to identify the types of control over the employment relationship provided for by the Workers' Statute, distinguishing between checks carried out by people and remote controls. The paper follows by introducing the main regulatory sources of the power of remote control, starting from a content analysis of Article 4 of the Workers' Statute, with a view to the transformation carried out with the Jobs Act of 2015 with a focus on highlighting the difference with the previous legislation, as well as EU Regulation 2016/679 (GDPR) and the provisions of the Privacy Guarantor. The same chapter also analyzes the main means and technological tools with which to exercise forms of remote control. Finally, the case of hidden defensive controls, put in place by the employer if it is necessary to ascertain torts of a non-contractual nature, identifying their limits and discipline, as well as using the Lopez Ribalda case, is explored.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/93766