Hydraulic-forestry works have historically played a crucial role in stabilizing mountain and hilly territories, preventing hydrogeological hazards, and regulating water regimes. Constructed mainly between the late 19th and the 20th centuries, these structures — such as check dams, terraces, channels, and reforestation measures — have ensured soil conservation and community safety for decades. However, progressive structural degradation, lack of regular maintenance, and the increasing challenges posed by climate change have reduced their effectiveness, making their sustainable management an urgent issue. This thesis critically and multidisciplinary addresses the sustainable management of historic hydraulic-forestry works, with a particular focus on their maintenance and their role in a context increasingly exposed to environmental and socio-economic transformations. The analysis highlights the historical evolution of these works, from their original function as mere protective structures against erosion and floods to their current multifaceted role, where hydrogeological safety is combined with environmental protection, landscape enhancement, and climate resilience. Through a targeted literature review, the analysis of national and international case studies, and the evaluation of significant scientific contributions, innovative approaches to maintenance have been identified, based on adaptive and systemic criteria. Further value was added by an empirical survey carried out through questionnaires addressed to technical and administrative offices in mountain catchments, which made it possible to integrate theoretical insights with practical experiences. The findings show that the future management of hydraulic-forestry works should move towards selective and context-specific solutions: conserving structures that are still functional, rehabilitating those that can be adapted, and decommissioning obsolete ones while promoting ecological restoration and sediment continuity. In this perspective, maintenance is not only a technical necessity but also an opportunity to foster sustainable development of mountain territories, strengthening their resilience and contributing to the ecological transition outlined by recent European directives.
Le opere di sistemazione idraulico-forestale rappresentano un elemento fondamentale per la stabilità dei territori montani e collinari, avendo storicamente svolto un ruolo cruciale nella prevenzione del dissesto idrogeologico e nella regolazione del regime idrico. Realizzate in gran parte tra la fine del XIX e il XX secolo, queste strutture — come briglie, terrazzamenti, canalette e rimboschimenti — hanno garantito per decenni la sicurezza delle comunità locali e la conservazione del suolo. Tuttavia, il progressivo degrado fisico, l’assenza di manutenzione ordinaria e le nuove sfide poste dai cambiamenti climatici ne hanno oggi ridotto l’efficacia, rendendo urgente una riflessione sulla loro gestione futura. Il presente lavoro di tesi ha affrontato in maniera critica e multidisciplinare il tema della gestione sostenibile delle opere di sistemazione idraulico-forestale, con particolare attenzione alla manutenzione delle strutture storiche e al loro ruolo in un contesto caratterizzato da profondi mutamenti ambientali e socio-economici. L’analisi ha evidenziato l’evoluzione delle opere da semplici interventi di contenimento a strumenti multifunzionali, capaci di integrare esigenze di sicurezza idrogeologica con obiettivi di tutela ambientale, valorizzazione paesaggistica e resilienza climatica. Attraverso una rassegna bibliografica mirata, l’analisi di contributi scientifici nazionali e internazionali e lo studio di casi applicativi, è stato possibile individuare approcci innovativi alla manutenzione, fondati su criteri adattivi e sistemici. Un ulteriore valore aggiunto è stato fornito dall’indagine empirica condotta tramite questionari rivolti ad enti e uffici tecnici di bacini montani, che ha permesso di integrare le conoscenze teoriche con l’esperienza diretta degli operatori. Il lavoro ha messo in luce come il futuro della gestione delle opere idraulico-forestali debba orientarsi verso soluzioni selettive e mirate: conservazione delle strutture ancora funzionali, riqualificazione di quelle suscettibili di adeguamento e dismissione di quelle ormai obsolete, favorendo il ripristino ecologico e la continuità idromorfologica dei corsi d’acqua. In questo senso, la manutenzione non rappresenta soltanto un’esigenza tecnica, ma anche un’opportunità per promuovere uno sviluppo sostenibile dei territori montani, rafforzandone la resilienza e contribuendo alla transizione ecologica delineata dalle più recenti direttive europee.
Gestione sostenibile di vecchie opere di sistemazione idraulico-forestale
CAPELLA, AURORA
2024/2025
Abstract
Hydraulic-forestry works have historically played a crucial role in stabilizing mountain and hilly territories, preventing hydrogeological hazards, and regulating water regimes. Constructed mainly between the late 19th and the 20th centuries, these structures — such as check dams, terraces, channels, and reforestation measures — have ensured soil conservation and community safety for decades. However, progressive structural degradation, lack of regular maintenance, and the increasing challenges posed by climate change have reduced their effectiveness, making their sustainable management an urgent issue. This thesis critically and multidisciplinary addresses the sustainable management of historic hydraulic-forestry works, with a particular focus on their maintenance and their role in a context increasingly exposed to environmental and socio-economic transformations. The analysis highlights the historical evolution of these works, from their original function as mere protective structures against erosion and floods to their current multifaceted role, where hydrogeological safety is combined with environmental protection, landscape enhancement, and climate resilience. Through a targeted literature review, the analysis of national and international case studies, and the evaluation of significant scientific contributions, innovative approaches to maintenance have been identified, based on adaptive and systemic criteria. Further value was added by an empirical survey carried out through questionnaires addressed to technical and administrative offices in mountain catchments, which made it possible to integrate theoretical insights with practical experiences. The findings show that the future management of hydraulic-forestry works should move towards selective and context-specific solutions: conserving structures that are still functional, rehabilitating those that can be adapted, and decommissioning obsolete ones while promoting ecological restoration and sediment continuity. In this perspective, maintenance is not only a technical necessity but also an opportunity to foster sustainable development of mountain territories, strengthening their resilience and contributing to the ecological transition outlined by recent European directives.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/93984