Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive lung disease characterized by an abnormal repair response following persistent epithelial damage. This process leads to excessive extracellular matrix deposition, loss of alveolar architecture, and progressive deterioration of respiratory function. In IPF, wound healing (WH) is impaired. Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (TGF-β1), a cytokine essential for regulating the tissue response to injury, plays a key role in wound healing and the pathogenesis of fibrosis. This study evaluated the effect of TGF-β1 on wound healing and the activity of nintedanib (NTD), a clinically used tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and SB-525334, a selective inhibitor of the TGF-β1 receptor. An innovative approach based on label-free bioimpedance technology was used, allowing real-time monitoring of wound closure in cell cultures. A549 cells, a human epithelial cell line derived from lung adenocarcinoma, were grown in 96-well E-plate Wound plates until confluence. Subsequently, the cells were subjected to a 3-hour serum deprivation period and then mechanically wounded using the Agilent AccuWound 96 system. Two experimental sets were conducted: in the agonism set, the cells were treated with TGF-β1 (0–10 nM), NTD (0–10 µM), or SB-525334 (0–10 µM); In the antagonism set, they were exposed to NTD (0.1, 0.3, and 1 µM) or SB-525334 (0.1, 1.0, 3, and 10 µM) in the presence of TGF-β1 (0-10 nM). Wound closure was monitored for 24 hours using the xCELLigence RTCA Real-Time Cell Analysis (RTCA, Agilent Technologies), analyzing cell migration expressed as a Cell Index and assessed by the slope parameter. TGF-β1 stimulated cell migration in a concentration-dependent manner (pEC₅₀ = 11.11), with a migration rate approximately double that of baseline. NTD showed a direct inhibitory effect on WH (pEC₅₀ = 6.84), while SB-525334 did not show significant primary activity; However, both compounds antagonized the effect of TGF-β1 on WH, with a pKb 6.40 or NTD and pKb 7.00 for SB-525334. These results reinforce the central role of TGF-β1 in the regulation of epithelial WH and propose an innovative and robust experimental model for the study of new antifibrotic drugs aimed at modulating the dysfunctional repair process at the level of the lung epithelium.
La fibrosi polmonare idiopatica (IPF) è una malattia polmonare cronica e progressiva, caratterizzata da un'anomala risposta di riparazione a seguito di danno epiteliale persistente. Questo processo comporta un’eccessiva deposizione di matrice extracellulare, perdita dell’architettura alveolare e progressivo deterioramento della funzione respiratoria. Nell’IPF, il processo di guarigione delle ferite (wound healing, abbreviato WH) risulta alterato. Un ruolo chiave nel processo di guarigione delle ferite e nella patogenesi della fibrosi è svolto dal Fattore di Crescita Trasformante Beta (TGF-β1), citochina fondamentale nella regolazione della risposta tissutale al danno. In questo studio sono stati valutati sul processo di guarigione delle ferite: l’effetto del TGF-β1 e l’attività di nintedanib (NTD), inibitore delle tirosin-chinasi utilizzato in ambito clinico, e di SB-525334, inibitore selettivo del recettore TGF-β1. È stato impiegato un approccio innovativo basato su una tecnologia label-free a bioimpedenza, che permette di monitorare in tempo reale la chiusura delle ferite in colture cellulari. Le cellule A549, una linea epiteliale umana derivata da adenocarcinoma polmonare, sono state coltivate in piastre E-plate Wound da 96 pozzetti fino al raggiungimento della confluenza. Successivamente, le cellule sono state sottoposte a un periodo di deprivazione sierica per 3 ore e poi ferite meccanicamente utilizzando il sistema Agilent AccuWound 96. Sono stati condotti due set sperimentali: nel set di agonismo, le cellule sono state trattate con TGF-β1 (0–10 nM), NTD (0–10 µM) o SB-525334 (0–10 µM); nel set di antagonismo, sono state esposte a NTD (0.1, 0.3, 1 µM) o SB-525334 (0.1, 1,0. 3, 10 µM) in presenza di TGF-β1 (0-10 nM). La chiusura della ferita è stata monitorata per 24 ore mediante sistema xCELLigence RTCA Real-Time Cell Analysis (RTCA, Agilent Technologies), analizzando la migrazione cellulare espressa come Cell Index e valutata tramite il parametro della pendenza (slope). TGF-β1 ha stimolato la migrazione cellulare in maniera concentrazione-dipendente (pEC₅₀ = 11.11), con una velocità di migrazione circa doppia rispetto al basale. NTD ha mostrato un effetto inibitorio diretto sul WH (pEC₅₀ = 6.84), mentre SB-525334 non ha evidenziato un’attività primaria significativa; tuttavia, entrambi i composti hanno antagonizzato l’effetto del TGF-β1 sul WH con una pKb di 6.40 per NTD e pKb di 7.00 per SB-525334. I risultati ottenuti rafforzano il ruolo centrale del TGF-β1 nella regolazione del WH epiteliale e propongono un modello sperimentale innovativo e robusto per lo studio di nuovi farmaci antifibrotici mirati a modulare il processo di riparazione disfunzionale a livello dell’epitelio polmonare.
Caratterizzazione farmacologica degli effetti del TGF-β1 in cellule di epitelio respiratorio: studio della migrazione cellulare mediante tecnologia label-free basata sulla bioimpedenza
MION, ANDREA
2024/2025
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive lung disease characterized by an abnormal repair response following persistent epithelial damage. This process leads to excessive extracellular matrix deposition, loss of alveolar architecture, and progressive deterioration of respiratory function. In IPF, wound healing (WH) is impaired. Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (TGF-β1), a cytokine essential for regulating the tissue response to injury, plays a key role in wound healing and the pathogenesis of fibrosis. This study evaluated the effect of TGF-β1 on wound healing and the activity of nintedanib (NTD), a clinically used tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and SB-525334, a selective inhibitor of the TGF-β1 receptor. An innovative approach based on label-free bioimpedance technology was used, allowing real-time monitoring of wound closure in cell cultures. A549 cells, a human epithelial cell line derived from lung adenocarcinoma, were grown in 96-well E-plate Wound plates until confluence. Subsequently, the cells were subjected to a 3-hour serum deprivation period and then mechanically wounded using the Agilent AccuWound 96 system. Two experimental sets were conducted: in the agonism set, the cells were treated with TGF-β1 (0–10 nM), NTD (0–10 µM), or SB-525334 (0–10 µM); In the antagonism set, they were exposed to NTD (0.1, 0.3, and 1 µM) or SB-525334 (0.1, 1.0, 3, and 10 µM) in the presence of TGF-β1 (0-10 nM). Wound closure was monitored for 24 hours using the xCELLigence RTCA Real-Time Cell Analysis (RTCA, Agilent Technologies), analyzing cell migration expressed as a Cell Index and assessed by the slope parameter. TGF-β1 stimulated cell migration in a concentration-dependent manner (pEC₅₀ = 11.11), with a migration rate approximately double that of baseline. NTD showed a direct inhibitory effect on WH (pEC₅₀ = 6.84), while SB-525334 did not show significant primary activity; However, both compounds antagonized the effect of TGF-β1 on WH, with a pKb 6.40 or NTD and pKb 7.00 for SB-525334. These results reinforce the central role of TGF-β1 in the regulation of epithelial WH and propose an innovative and robust experimental model for the study of new antifibrotic drugs aimed at modulating the dysfunctional repair process at the level of the lung epithelium.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/94070