The von Willebrand factor (vWF) is a high-molecular-weight multimeric plasma protein essential for primary hemostasis. Its ultra-large multimers are particularly thrombogenic. The enzyme ADAMTS-13 regulates their size by cleaving the Tyr1605-Met1606 bond. However, under pathological conditions such as type 2 diabetes, oxidative stress can oxidize Met1606 to methionine sulfoxide, thereby inhibiting proteolysis by ADAMTS-13 and promoting the accumulation of high-molecular-weight oligomers, with an increased thrombotic risk. ADAMTS-13 itself can also be inactivated by oxidation, further worsening the condition. This thesis aims to analyze the oxidation level of Met1606 by mass spectrometry in order to develop a diagnostic test. A protocol for vWF enrichment from small plasma volumes was optimized through depletion of the most abundant proteins. Among the tested methods (dialysis, filtration, ethanol-based albumin depletion), strong anion-exchange chromatography proved to be the most effective, yielding a vWF-enriched fraction. Its presence was confirmed by SDS-PAGE, Western Blot, and LC-MS/MS. For the identification and quantification of oxidized Met1606, mass spectrometry coupled with multi-enzyme digestion on filter (MED-FASP) was employed. This approach enabled the detection of Met1606 and its oxidative state, confirming the validity of the proposed strategy.
Il fattore di von Willebrand (vWF) è una proteina plasmatica multimerica ad alto peso molecolare essenziale per l’emostasi primaria. I suoi multimeri ultra-large sono particolarmente trombogenici. L’enzima ADAMTS-13 ne regola la dimensione scindendo il legame Tyr1605-Met1606. Tuttavia, in condizioni patologiche come il diabete di tipo 2, lo stress ossidativo può ossidare la Met1606 a metionina solfossido, inibendo la proteolisi da parte di ADAMTS-13 e favorendo l’accumulo di oligomeri ad alto peso molecolare, con aumento del rischio trombotico. Anche ADAMTS-13 può essere inattivato dall’ossidazione, aggravando la condizione. Questa Tesi mira ad analizzare il livello di ossidazione della Met1606 tramite spettrometria di massa per sviluppare un test diagnostico. È stato ottimizzato un protocollo di arricchimento del vWF da piccoli volumi di plasma mediante rimozione delle proteine più abbondanti. Tra i metodi testati (dialisi, filtrazione, deplezione etanolica dell’albumina), la cromatografia a scambio anionico forte è risultata la più efficace, permettendo l’ottenimento di una frazione arricchita in vWF. La sua presenza è stata confermata tramite SDS-PAGE, Western Blot e LC-MS/MS. Per l’identificazione e la quantificazione della Met1606 ossidata si è utilizzata la spettrometria di massa accoppiata alla digestione multienzimatica su filtro (MED-FASP). L’approccio ha permesso di rilevare Met1606 e il relativo stato ossidativo, confermando la validità della strategia proposta.
Sviluppo di metodi di spettrometria di massa per l'identificazione e quantificazione di modifiche ossidative pro-trombotiche del fattore di von Willebrand
REGINATO, DENISE
2024/2025
Abstract
The von Willebrand factor (vWF) is a high-molecular-weight multimeric plasma protein essential for primary hemostasis. Its ultra-large multimers are particularly thrombogenic. The enzyme ADAMTS-13 regulates their size by cleaving the Tyr1605-Met1606 bond. However, under pathological conditions such as type 2 diabetes, oxidative stress can oxidize Met1606 to methionine sulfoxide, thereby inhibiting proteolysis by ADAMTS-13 and promoting the accumulation of high-molecular-weight oligomers, with an increased thrombotic risk. ADAMTS-13 itself can also be inactivated by oxidation, further worsening the condition. This thesis aims to analyze the oxidation level of Met1606 by mass spectrometry in order to develop a diagnostic test. A protocol for vWF enrichment from small plasma volumes was optimized through depletion of the most abundant proteins. Among the tested methods (dialysis, filtration, ethanol-based albumin depletion), strong anion-exchange chromatography proved to be the most effective, yielding a vWF-enriched fraction. Its presence was confirmed by SDS-PAGE, Western Blot, and LC-MS/MS. For the identification and quantification of oxidized Met1606, mass spectrometry coupled with multi-enzyme digestion on filter (MED-FASP) was employed. This approach enabled the detection of Met1606 and its oxidative state, confirming the validity of the proposed strategy.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/94074