Obesity in the Mediterranean Area

Obesity has become a major public health problem worldwide, and the Mediterranean region is no exception, with increasing rates in both children and adults. This thesis investigates the prevalence, causes and consequences of obesity in Mediterranean countries, focusing on Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Malta and Spain. It examines the role of the Mediterranean diet, a traditional dietary pattern rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes and healthy fats, in shaping obesity trends. Despite its potential for preventing obesity, the Mediterranean diet has been marginalized by modern lifestyle changes, including increased consumption of processed foods, fast foods and reduced physical activity. The thesis highlights the increasing incidence of childhood and adult obesity in the region, analyzing relevant statistics and identifying common risk factors such as socioeconomic status, urbanization and sedentary lifestyle. Furthermore, the health consequences of obesity, ranging from diabetes to cardiovascular diseases, are explored, along with the similarities and differences between obesity in children and adults. The thesis also explores current national policies, obesity surveillance programs and initiatives aimed at addressing the obesity epidemic, while addressing the challenges of policy implementation in different Mediterranean countries. Finally, the thesis emphasizes the need for comprehensive strategies to address obesity, focusing on research and development of effective interventions, alongside education and awareness-raising campaigns. By understanding the underlying causes and adopting appropriate policy measures, Mediterranean countries can work to reverse the obesity trend and improve public health outcomes.