Agroforestry represents a promising practice for combining agricultural production and environmental sustainability. Despite its potential to mitigate climate stresses, knowledge gaps persist regarding the microclimatic and productive effects in mature systems. This study was conducted in a silvoarable system with poplars in their seventh year, they being cultivated with 40m distance between rows, located at the Veneto Agricoltura "Sasse Rami" farm in Ceregnano (RO). This thesis aimed to evaluate (i) the reduction in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) caused by the agroforestry system during the winter months in the absence of tree foliage, (ii) the effect of trees on microclimatic parameters (PAR, air temperature and humidity, soil moisture) during the spring months, measured at different distances (3 m, 6 m, 12 m, and 20 m) and on both sides of the poplar row, and (iii) the morpho-physiological and yield response of two barley varieties (the early season Mochina and the late season one Rafaela) cultivated in the agroforestry system intercropped with the Aleramo (early leafing) and Moncalvo (medium-early leafing) clones, at the same distances where microclimatic parameters were monitored and on both sides of the row, comparing them with a control under full sun. During the winter months, apreciable shading was recorded, despite the absence of poplar leaves, with PAR reductions of up to 15% in the positions closest to the row (+3m and +6m). The NDVI of barley was higher near the rows in both varieties, indicating a marked "stay-green" effect and delayed senescence, probably linked to the mild microclimatic variations. The early variety Mochina showed lower yield reductions (-19% and -22% with the Moncalvo and Aleramo clones, respectively) compared to the late variety Rafaela (-30% and -35% with Aleramo and Moncalvo, respectively), although the latter maintained higher absolute yields (7 ton DM ha⁻¹ in the control vs 4 ton DM ha⁻¹ for Mochina). The cumulative aboveground biomass of Mochina at maturity was higher than the control under full sun (up to +53% at +20m West with Aleramo) at many sampling points, confirming its high forage aptitude and good adaptability to the agroforestry context. The grain protein content increased in many positions within the agroforestry system, especially at +12m and +20m, with increases of up to +34% in Mochina with Aleramo, as did the grain concentration of sodium (Na), zinc (Zn), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). Varietal choice is confirmed as crucial, with the early variety Mochina showing greater resilience in terms of morpho-physiological adaptation and biomass production. However, it will be necessary to confirm these results in years characterized by different climatic trends, particularly with scarce rainfall and late heatwaves, conditions under which the mitigating contribution of the tree component might become more evident, potentially translating into better yield maintenance compared to monocultural systems.
L'agroforestazione rappresenta una pratica promettente per coniugare produzione agricola e sostenibilità ambientale. Nonostante le sue potenzialità nel mitigare gli stress climatici, permangono lacune conoscitive sugli effetti microclimatici e produttivi in sistemi maturi. Il presente studio è stato svolto nel sistema silvoarabile con pioppi al settimo anno di età e 40 m di distanza tra i filari situato presso l’azienda Sasse Rami di Veneto Agricoltura a Ceregnano (RO), e ha avuto lo scopo di valutare (i) la riduzione di radiazione fotosinteticamente attiva (PAR) determinata dal sistema agroforestale durante i mesi invernali in assenza di fogliazione, (ii) l’effetto dei filari sui parametri microclimatici (PAR, temperatura e umidità dell’aria, contenuto idrico del suolo) nei mesi primaverili, misurati a diverse distanze (3 m, 6 m, 12 m, e 20 m) e ad entrambi i lati del filare (est e ovest), e (iii) la risposta morfo-fisiologica e produttiva di due varietà di orzo a diversa precocità (var. Mochina – precoce; var. Rafaela – tardiva) coltivate nel sistema agroforestale in consociazione con i cloni Aleramo (fogliazione precoce) e Moncalvo (medio-precoce), alle stesse distanze dove sono stati monitorati i parametri microclimatici e in entrambi i lati del filare, confrontandole con un controllo in pieno sole. Durante i mesi invernali, è stato registrato un ombreggiamento non trascurabile, con riduzioni della PAR fino al 15% nelle posizioni più vicine al filare (+3 m e +6 m). Durante la coltivazione, l’NDVI dell’orzo è risultato superiore vicino ai filari in entrambe le varietà, indicando un marcato effetto "stay-green" e un ritardo di senescenza della coltura. La varietà precoce Mochina ha mostrato cali di resa percentuali più contenuti (-19% e -22% rispettivamente con i cloni Moncalvo e Aleramo) rispetto alla varietà tardiva Rafaela (-30% e -35% rispettivamente con Aleramo e Moncalvo), sebbene quest'ultima abbia mantenuto rese assolute più elevate (7 ton s.s. ha⁻¹ nel controllo vs. 4 ton s.s. ha⁻¹ di Mochina). La biomassa epigea cumulata da Mochina è risultata superiore al controllo in pieno sole (fino a +53% a +20m Ovest con Aleramo) nella maggior parte dei punti di campionamento, confermando la sua elevata attitudine foraggera e una buona adattabilità al contesto agroforestale. Il contenuto proteico della granella è aumentato in molte posizioni del sistema agroforestale, specialmente a +12m e +20m, con incrementi fino al +34% in Mochina con Aleramo, come anche la concentrazione di sodio (Na), zinco (Zn), fosforo (P) e potassio (K). La scelta varietale risulta quindi cruciale, con la varietà precoce Mochina che ha mostrato una maggiore resilienza in termini di adattamento morfo-fisiologico e produzione di biomassa. Tuttavia, sarà necessario confermare questi risultati in annate caratterizzate da andamenti climatici diversi, in particolare con scarse precipitazioni e ondate di calore tardive, condizioni in cui il contributo di mitigazione della componente arborea potrebbe rivelarsi più evidente, potenzialmente traducibile in un migliore mantenimento della resa rispetto ai sistemi monocolturali.
Parametri microclimatici e risposta agronomica dell'orzo in un sistema agroforestale con filari di pioppo
CAROLLO, LUCA
2024/2025
Abstract
Agroforestry represents a promising practice for combining agricultural production and environmental sustainability. Despite its potential to mitigate climate stresses, knowledge gaps persist regarding the microclimatic and productive effects in mature systems. This study was conducted in a silvoarable system with poplars in their seventh year, they being cultivated with 40m distance between rows, located at the Veneto Agricoltura "Sasse Rami" farm in Ceregnano (RO). This thesis aimed to evaluate (i) the reduction in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) caused by the agroforestry system during the winter months in the absence of tree foliage, (ii) the effect of trees on microclimatic parameters (PAR, air temperature and humidity, soil moisture) during the spring months, measured at different distances (3 m, 6 m, 12 m, and 20 m) and on both sides of the poplar row, and (iii) the morpho-physiological and yield response of two barley varieties (the early season Mochina and the late season one Rafaela) cultivated in the agroforestry system intercropped with the Aleramo (early leafing) and Moncalvo (medium-early leafing) clones, at the same distances where microclimatic parameters were monitored and on both sides of the row, comparing them with a control under full sun. During the winter months, apreciable shading was recorded, despite the absence of poplar leaves, with PAR reductions of up to 15% in the positions closest to the row (+3m and +6m). The NDVI of barley was higher near the rows in both varieties, indicating a marked "stay-green" effect and delayed senescence, probably linked to the mild microclimatic variations. The early variety Mochina showed lower yield reductions (-19% and -22% with the Moncalvo and Aleramo clones, respectively) compared to the late variety Rafaela (-30% and -35% with Aleramo and Moncalvo, respectively), although the latter maintained higher absolute yields (7 ton DM ha⁻¹ in the control vs 4 ton DM ha⁻¹ for Mochina). The cumulative aboveground biomass of Mochina at maturity was higher than the control under full sun (up to +53% at +20m West with Aleramo) at many sampling points, confirming its high forage aptitude and good adaptability to the agroforestry context. The grain protein content increased in many positions within the agroforestry system, especially at +12m and +20m, with increases of up to +34% in Mochina with Aleramo, as did the grain concentration of sodium (Na), zinc (Zn), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). Varietal choice is confirmed as crucial, with the early variety Mochina showing greater resilience in terms of morpho-physiological adaptation and biomass production. However, it will be necessary to confirm these results in years characterized by different climatic trends, particularly with scarce rainfall and late heatwaves, conditions under which the mitigating contribution of the tree component might become more evident, potentially translating into better yield maintenance compared to monocultural systems.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Carollo_Luca.pdf
Accesso riservato
Dimensione
4.33 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
4.33 MB | Adobe PDF |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/94303