This thesis provides the study of giant Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J.Houz.), a subtropical species of the Poaceae family, characterized by rapid growth, high biomass accumulation, remarkable ecological adaptability, and significant economic interest. Native primarily to China and Japan, Moso bamboo represents a strategic resource for the bioeconomy thanks to the versatility of its products, which range from construction and industry to textiles, food, and energy. Its cultivation in Europe and Italy is relatively recent, but rapidly spread, driven by the growing demand for sustainable materials and by farmers’ interest in innovative crops with low environmental impact. The study was conducted in 2024–2025 in a bamboo grove located in the province of Vicenza (NE Italy), now in its 7th year of age. The site was managed with standard cultivation techniques, including abundant irrigation during the first five years, annual NPK organo-mineral fertilizer application, and stem thinning during dormancy (wintertime). The aim of the research was to evaluate the productive, economic, and environmental potential of this crop in the Italian context, with particular attention to agronomic aspects and supply chain prospects. Production yields, in terms of canes and sprouts, the crop’s carbon sequestration capacity and the elemental composition of culms and leaves were analyzed. The latter, conducted at the LaChi Laboratory of the DAFNAE Department (University of Padua), enabled the estimation of macro- and microelement concentrations and crop nutrient removals. The results confirmed the high biomass production capacity of Moso bamboo: the weight of the canes increases proportionally to their length and diameter, with a growing share of marketable material compared to waste. The economic analysis showed that, as early as the 7th year, the plantation achieved profitability (net income of €2,419/ha), with progressively increasing yields until full crop maturity, expected around the 10th year. At maturity, one hectare of Moso can produce approximately 50 tons of canes and 10 tons of sprouts annually, potentially translating into revenues exceeding €69,000/ha. Further added value comes from carbon credits, the main constant income from the 3rd year (€3,500/ha/year), recognized for the species' significant CO₂ storage capacity. Estimates indicate a cumulative storage of 747 ÷ 852 t CO₂-eq/ha over 30 years, values significantly higher than many traditional forest species. From an environmental perspective, in addition to its carbon stock function, Moso bamboo contributes to reducing soil erosion, improving environmental quality, and replacing non-sustainable carbon-intensive materials with low-impact bamboo derivatives, thus contributing to climate change mitigation. Elemental analysis of the biomass confirmed the stem as the main nutrient reserve, with nitrogen and potassium as the most abundant elements. The nutrient balance was balanced for most macronutrients, except for potassium, whose deficit requires target management. Micronutrient losses, however, were negligible and easily compensated by the soil. In conclusion, Moso bamboo is an innovative and multifunctional crop, capable of combining environmental and social sustainability with economic profitability, representing a valid alternative for Italian agriculture in the context of production diversification and ecological transition. This study contributes to an initial overview of the species' potential in Italy, providing the basis for future research on agronomic management, the valorization of “waste” by-products, and market dynamics, with the ultimate goal of strengthening the competitiveness of a national bamboo supply chain.
Il presente elaborato affronta lo studio del bambù gigante Moso (Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J.Houz.), specie subtropicale della famiglia delle Poaceae, caratterizzata da una rapida crescita e accumulo di biomassa, una notevole adattabilità ecologica e un rilevante interesse economico. Originario principalmente della Cina e del Giappone, il Moso rappresenta una risorsa strategica per la bioeconomia grazie alla versatilità dei suoi prodotti, che spaziano dal settore edilizio e industriale al tessile, alimentare ed energetico. La sua coltivazione in Europa e in Italia è recente ma in rapida diffusione, favorita dalla domanda di materiali sostenibili e dall’interesse degli agricoltori verso colture innovative a basso impatto ambientale. Lo studio è stato condotto nel 2024-2025 presso un bambuseto situato in provincia di Vicenza, al settimo anno d’età. L’impianto è stato gestito con tecniche colturali standard: irrigazioni abbondanti nei primi cinque anni, annuali concimazioni organo-minerali NPK e diradamento dei culmi durante il riposo vegetativo. L’obiettivo è stato valutare le potenzialità produttive, economiche e ambientali della coltura nel contesto italiano, con particolare attenzione agli aspetti agronomici e alle prospettive di filiera. Sono state analizzate le rese produttive in canne e germogli, la capacità di sequestro del carbonio atmosferico e la composizione elementare di fusti e foglie. Quest’ultima, condotta presso il laboratorio LaChi del Dipartimento DAFNAE (Università di Padova), ha consentito di stimare la concentrazione di macro e microelementi e le asportazioni colturali. I risultati hanno confermato l’elevata capacità del Moso di produrre biomassa: il peso delle canne aumenta proporzionalmente a lunghezza e diametro, con una quota crescente di materiale vendibile rispetto allo scarto. L’analisi economica ha mostrato che, già al settimo anno, la coltivazione garantisce redditività (reddito netto di 2.419 €/ha), con rese progressivamente crescenti fino alla piena maturità attesa attorno al decimo anno. A maturità, infatti, un ettaro di Moso può produrre circa 50 tonnellate di canne e 10 tonnellate di germogli annui, traducibili in ricavi potenzialmente superiori a 69.000 €/ha. Ulteriore valore aggiunto deriva dai crediti di carbonio, principali introiti fissi a partire dal terzo anno (3.500 €/ha/anno), riconosciuti per la notevole capacità di stoccaggio di CO₂ della specie. Le stime indicano uno stoccaggio cumulato di 747 ÷ 852 t CO₂-eq/ha in 30 anni, valori nettamente superiori a molte specie forestali tradizionali. Inoltre, dal punto di vista ambientale, il Moso contribuisce alla riduzione dell’erosione del suolo, al miglioramento della qualità ambientale e alla sostituzione di materiali poco sostenibili in termini di carbonio emesso con derivati del bambù a basso impatto, contribuendo così alla mitigazione dei cambiamenti climatici. L’analisi elementare della biomassa ha confermato il fusto come principale riserva nutrizionale e una marcata prevalenza di azoto e potassio. Il bilancio nutritivo è risultato equilibrato per la maggior parte dei macroelementi, ad eccezione del potassio, il cui deficit richiede una gestione mirata. Le asportazioni di microelementi, invece, sono risultate trascurabili e compensabili dal suolo. In conclusione, il bambù Moso si conferma coltura innovativa e multifunzionale, capace di unire sostenibilità ambientale e sociale con redditività economica, rappresentando una valida alternativa per l’agricoltura italiana, nell’ottica della diversificazione produttiva e della transizione ecologica. Lo studio contribuisce a delineare un quadro generale delle potenzialità della specie in Italia, ponendo le basi per futuri approfondimenti sulla gestione agronomica, sulla valorizzazione dei sottoprodotti e sulle dinamiche di mercato, con l’obiettivo di rafforzare la competitività di una filiera nazionale del bambù.
Gestione agronomica e produttività del bambù gigante Moso al settimo anno di età dall'impianto.
DAL FERRO, MARTINA
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis provides the study of giant Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J.Houz.), a subtropical species of the Poaceae family, characterized by rapid growth, high biomass accumulation, remarkable ecological adaptability, and significant economic interest. Native primarily to China and Japan, Moso bamboo represents a strategic resource for the bioeconomy thanks to the versatility of its products, which range from construction and industry to textiles, food, and energy. Its cultivation in Europe and Italy is relatively recent, but rapidly spread, driven by the growing demand for sustainable materials and by farmers’ interest in innovative crops with low environmental impact. The study was conducted in 2024–2025 in a bamboo grove located in the province of Vicenza (NE Italy), now in its 7th year of age. The site was managed with standard cultivation techniques, including abundant irrigation during the first five years, annual NPK organo-mineral fertilizer application, and stem thinning during dormancy (wintertime). The aim of the research was to evaluate the productive, economic, and environmental potential of this crop in the Italian context, with particular attention to agronomic aspects and supply chain prospects. Production yields, in terms of canes and sprouts, the crop’s carbon sequestration capacity and the elemental composition of culms and leaves were analyzed. The latter, conducted at the LaChi Laboratory of the DAFNAE Department (University of Padua), enabled the estimation of macro- and microelement concentrations and crop nutrient removals. The results confirmed the high biomass production capacity of Moso bamboo: the weight of the canes increases proportionally to their length and diameter, with a growing share of marketable material compared to waste. The economic analysis showed that, as early as the 7th year, the plantation achieved profitability (net income of €2,419/ha), with progressively increasing yields until full crop maturity, expected around the 10th year. At maturity, one hectare of Moso can produce approximately 50 tons of canes and 10 tons of sprouts annually, potentially translating into revenues exceeding €69,000/ha. Further added value comes from carbon credits, the main constant income from the 3rd year (€3,500/ha/year), recognized for the species' significant CO₂ storage capacity. Estimates indicate a cumulative storage of 747 ÷ 852 t CO₂-eq/ha over 30 years, values significantly higher than many traditional forest species. From an environmental perspective, in addition to its carbon stock function, Moso bamboo contributes to reducing soil erosion, improving environmental quality, and replacing non-sustainable carbon-intensive materials with low-impact bamboo derivatives, thus contributing to climate change mitigation. Elemental analysis of the biomass confirmed the stem as the main nutrient reserve, with nitrogen and potassium as the most abundant elements. The nutrient balance was balanced for most macronutrients, except for potassium, whose deficit requires target management. Micronutrient losses, however, were negligible and easily compensated by the soil. In conclusion, Moso bamboo is an innovative and multifunctional crop, capable of combining environmental and social sustainability with economic profitability, representing a valid alternative for Italian agriculture in the context of production diversification and ecological transition. This study contributes to an initial overview of the species' potential in Italy, providing the basis for future research on agronomic management, the valorization of “waste” by-products, and market dynamics, with the ultimate goal of strengthening the competitiveness of a national bamboo supply chain.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/94304