In recent decades, the global population has experienced constant growth, and the most recent estimates indicate that this trend is not expected to stop but rather to continue increasing. Consequently, it has become essential to expand agricultural production while ensuring high-quality food and full environmental sustainability. In this context, soilless cultivation techniques represent a valuable resource: indeed, they are known to allow the production of large quantities of high-quality food in limited spaces, while minimizing the impact on the environment and natural resources. However, in closed-cycle soilless systems, a major issue arises from the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms harmful to plants or humans, as well as from the development of algae. This study evaluated the use of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) for managing microorganisms in the circulating nutrient solution, while also assessing its effects on plants. To this end, two cultivation cycles of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and one of basil (Ocimum basilicum) were carried out using the closed-cycle Nutrient Film Technique (NFT). The system consisted of four cultivation units; each composed of three channels and a 100 L tank with recirculating nutrient solution. The treatments included one control, containing only nutrient solution, and three treatments with hydrogen peroxide at constant concentrations of 50 ppm, 75 ppm, and 100 ppm. During cultivation, nutrient solution samples were periodically collected and subjected to microbiological analyses at an external laboratory to verify the effectiveness of the treatments in reducing microbial load. At the same time, physiological parameters of the plants such as SPAD and DUALEX indices, as well as biomass accumulation were monitored throughout the cultivation cycle. At the end of the experiment, aboveground and root biomass, dry matter content, and several qualitative parameters were determined to evaluate the effect of hydrogen peroxide on plant performance. The results showed a significant reduction in total microbial load in the treatments with H₂O₂. However, a negative impact was also observed on aerial biomass production, and therefore on overall yield, as well as on root biomass and its functionality. The treatments exhibited higher SPAD values and chlorophyll content (measured with DUALEX) compared to the control, although these results were not confirmed by chlorophyll analyses performed at the end of the trial. A considerable increase in dry matter percentage was also detected, while qualitative parameters such as antioxidant potential, polyphenol, flavonoid, and anthocyanin content remained nearly unchanged between H₂O₂ treatments and the control. In conclusion, hydrogen peroxide proved effective as an antimicrobial agent, but at the tested concentrations and application methods it showed phytotoxic effects. Further studies on other crops and with different dosages will therefore be necessary to evaluate its potential optimal use.
Negli ultimi decenni la popolazione mondiale ha registrato una crescita costante, e le stime più recenti indicano che questa tendenza non è destinata ad arrestarsi, ma anzi ad aumentare ulteriormente. Di conseguenza, diventa inderogabile incrementare la produzione agricola, garantendo al contempo alimenti di qualità e nel pieno rispetto dell’ambiente. In questo contesto, le tecniche di coltivazione fuori suolo rappresentano una valida risorsa: è noto, infatti, che consentono di produrre elevate quantità di alimenti di qualità in spazi ridotti, limitando al minimo l’impatto sull’ambiente e sulle risorse. Tuttavia, nelle coltivazioni fuori suolo a ciclo chiuso si riscontra una problematica rilevante legata alla proliferazione di microrganismi patogeni per le piante o per l’uomo, oltre che alla formazione di alghe. Il presente studio ha valutato l’impiego del perossido di idrogeno (H₂O₂) nella gestione dei microrganismi presenti nella soluzione nutritiva circolante, analizzandone al tempo stesso l’effetto sulle piante. A tal fine, sono stati realizzati due cicli di coltivazione di lattuga (Lactuca sativa) e uno di basilico (Ocimum basilicum), utilizzando la tecnica del Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) a ciclo chiuso. L’impianto era costituito da quattro sistemi di coltivazione, ognuno formato da tre canaline e da un serbatoio da 100 L di soluzione nutritiva ricircolante. I trattamenti prevedevano un controllo, con sola soluzione nutritiva, e tre trattamenti contenenti perossido di idrogeno a concentrazioni costanti di 50 ppm, 75 ppm e 100 ppm. Durante la coltivazione, campioni della soluzione nutritiva sono stati prelevati periodicamente e sottoposti ad analisi microbiologiche presso un laboratorio esterno, per verificare l’efficacia del trattamento nel contenimento della carica microbica. Parallelamente, durante il ciclo colturale sono stati monitorati parametri fisiologici delle piante come gli indici SPAD e DUALEX, nonché l'incremento di biomassa. Al termine della prova sono stati determinati la biomassa epigea e radicale, il contenuto in sostanza secca e vari parametri qualitativi per valutare l’effetto del perossido di idrogeno sulle piante I risultati hanno evidenziato una riduzione significativa della carica microbica totale nei trattamenti con H₂O₂. Tuttavia, è stato riscontrato anche un impatto negativo sulla produzione di biomassa aerea, e quindi sulla resa complessiva, nonché sulla biomassa radicale e sulla sua funzionalità. I trattamenti hanno mostrato valori SPAD e contenuto di clorofille (misurati con DUALEX) superiori al controllo, risultati però non confermati dalle analisi effettuate a fine ciclo. È emerso inoltre un incremento considerevole del contenuto percentuale di sostanza secca, mentre parametri qualitativi quali potenziale antiossidante, contenuto di polifenoli, flavonoidi e antociani sono rimasti pressoché invariati rispetto al controllo. In conclusione, il perossido di idrogeno si è dimostrato efficace come agente antimicrobico, ma, alle concentrazioni e modalità di applicazione testate, ha evidenziato effetti fitotossici. Sarà pertanto necessario condurre ulteriori studi su altre colture e con dosaggi differenti per valutarne un possibile impiego ottimale.
Applicazione del perossido di idrogeno in coltivazione idroponica NFT: effetti su sanitizzazione, produttività e qualità di lattuga e basilico
BARISON, NICOLA
2024/2025
Abstract
In recent decades, the global population has experienced constant growth, and the most recent estimates indicate that this trend is not expected to stop but rather to continue increasing. Consequently, it has become essential to expand agricultural production while ensuring high-quality food and full environmental sustainability. In this context, soilless cultivation techniques represent a valuable resource: indeed, they are known to allow the production of large quantities of high-quality food in limited spaces, while minimizing the impact on the environment and natural resources. However, in closed-cycle soilless systems, a major issue arises from the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms harmful to plants or humans, as well as from the development of algae. This study evaluated the use of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) for managing microorganisms in the circulating nutrient solution, while also assessing its effects on plants. To this end, two cultivation cycles of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and one of basil (Ocimum basilicum) were carried out using the closed-cycle Nutrient Film Technique (NFT). The system consisted of four cultivation units; each composed of three channels and a 100 L tank with recirculating nutrient solution. The treatments included one control, containing only nutrient solution, and three treatments with hydrogen peroxide at constant concentrations of 50 ppm, 75 ppm, and 100 ppm. During cultivation, nutrient solution samples were periodically collected and subjected to microbiological analyses at an external laboratory to verify the effectiveness of the treatments in reducing microbial load. At the same time, physiological parameters of the plants such as SPAD and DUALEX indices, as well as biomass accumulation were monitored throughout the cultivation cycle. At the end of the experiment, aboveground and root biomass, dry matter content, and several qualitative parameters were determined to evaluate the effect of hydrogen peroxide on plant performance. The results showed a significant reduction in total microbial load in the treatments with H₂O₂. However, a negative impact was also observed on aerial biomass production, and therefore on overall yield, as well as on root biomass and its functionality. The treatments exhibited higher SPAD values and chlorophyll content (measured with DUALEX) compared to the control, although these results were not confirmed by chlorophyll analyses performed at the end of the trial. A considerable increase in dry matter percentage was also detected, while qualitative parameters such as antioxidant potential, polyphenol, flavonoid, and anthocyanin content remained nearly unchanged between H₂O₂ treatments and the control. In conclusion, hydrogen peroxide proved effective as an antimicrobial agent, but at the tested concentrations and application methods it showed phytotoxic effects. Further studies on other crops and with different dosages will therefore be necessary to evaluate its potential optimal use.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/94310