The boundary between therapeutic use and illicit enhancement in sports is becoming increasingly blurred in a world where performance has become a global currency. This thesis explores the dark side of the pursuit of achievement, examining the role of pharmaceuticals in both professional and amateur sports, with particular attention to the distinction between legal therapeutic use and abuse. Through a critical review of scientific literature, regulatory analysis, and the study of emblematic cases, a complex scenario emerges where permitted and prohibited substances often overlap, skirting the edge of legality. The investigation focuses on the legitimate use of medications for common athletic conditions, as well as the most widespread doping substances, with in-depth analysis of molecular mechanisms, side effects, and ethical implications. Anti-doping policies, therapeutic use exemptions, and the weaknesses of the international control system are also critically examined. The goal is to offer an integrated, scientific, and critical perspective on the phenomenon, highlighting how psychological, economic, and social pressures can drive athletes beyond the limit, transforming the pursuit of excellence into a gray area where everything seems permissible, but not everything is.
Il confine tra cura e illecito nello sport è sempre più sottile, in un contesto in cui la performance è diventata una valuta di scambio globale. Questa tesi esplora il lato oscuro della ricerca del risultato, indagando il ruolo dei farmaci nello sport professionistico e dilettantistico, con particolare attenzione alla differenza tra uso terapeutico e abuso. Attraverso una revisione critica della letteratura scientifica, l’analisi normativa e lo studio di casi emblematici, viene tracciato un quadro complesso in cui sostanze lecite e vietate si intrecciano, spesso al limite della legalità. L’indagine si concentra sia sull’uso lecito di farmaci per il trattamento di patologie comuni negli atleti, sia sulle sostanze dopanti più diffuse, con un approfondimento sui meccanismi molecolari, gli effetti collaterali e le implicazioni etiche. Vengono inoltre analizzate le politiche antidoping, le esenzioni terapeutiche e le criticità del sistema di controllo internazionale. L’obiettivo è offrire una visione integrata, scientifica e critica del fenomeno, evidenziando come la pressione psicologica, economica e sociale possa spingere gli atleti oltre il limite, trasformando la ricerca dell’eccellenza in una zona grigia dove tutto sembra lecito, ma non tutto lo è.
Il lato oscuro della performance: il doping tra farmaci, sport e regolamentazione
DE MARCHI, GIACOMO
2024/2025
Abstract
The boundary between therapeutic use and illicit enhancement in sports is becoming increasingly blurred in a world where performance has become a global currency. This thesis explores the dark side of the pursuit of achievement, examining the role of pharmaceuticals in both professional and amateur sports, with particular attention to the distinction between legal therapeutic use and abuse. Through a critical review of scientific literature, regulatory analysis, and the study of emblematic cases, a complex scenario emerges where permitted and prohibited substances often overlap, skirting the edge of legality. The investigation focuses on the legitimate use of medications for common athletic conditions, as well as the most widespread doping substances, with in-depth analysis of molecular mechanisms, side effects, and ethical implications. Anti-doping policies, therapeutic use exemptions, and the weaknesses of the international control system are also critically examined. The goal is to offer an integrated, scientific, and critical perspective on the phenomenon, highlighting how psychological, economic, and social pressures can drive athletes beyond the limit, transforming the pursuit of excellence into a gray area where everything seems permissible, but not everything is.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/94373