The search for a limit to criminal liability constitutes the fil rouge of the ongoing debate concerning the criminal responsibility of healthcare professionals. The persistent tension between patient protection and physicians’ professional autonomy, together with the progressive emergence of so-called defensive medicine, has led the legal system to reflect on the necessity of a different criminal regime for healthcare activities. However, in the Italian legal system, the attempt to prevent medical practice from being subjected to the strict logic of ordinary negligence has led to unsatisfactory legislative reforms and inconsistent judicial interpretations. Within this framework, the degree of negligence, particularly gross negligence, has emerged as a criterion for limiting criminal liability. Timid and fragmented openings of the Italian legal system towards gross negligence are more evident if compared to the Austrian legal system. In fact, in 2015, gross negligence was recognized as an autonomous category in the general part of Strafgesetzbuch (StGB). In this dissertation, therefore, the evolution of Italian legislation and case law is intertwined with an analysis of the Austrian model, in order to verify whether and to what extent the latter may offer useful insights for rationalizing the system.
La ricerca di un limite alla risposta penale costituisce il fil rouge che attraversa l’incessante dibattito circa la responsabilità penale dell’esercente la professione sanitaria. La continua tensione tra tutela del paziente e autonomia professionale del medico, unitamente al progressivo emergere del fenomeno della c.d. medicina difensiva, ha indotto l’ordinamento a riflettere sulla necessità di uno statuto penalistico differenziato per l’attività terapeutica. Tuttavia, nell’ordinamento italiano, il tentativo di sottrarre l’agire medico alle rigide logiche della colpa comune ha condotto ad insoddisfacenti riforme legislative e a distoniche interpretazioni giurisprudenziali. In tale contesto, il grado della colpa – in particolare la colpa grave – è emerso quale criterio limitativo della responsabilità penale. Le timide e discontinue aperture dell’ordinamento italiano verso una valorizzazione della gravità della colpa appaiono più evidenti se confrontate con l’esperienza austriaca, dove, nel 2015, la colpa grave è stata riconosciuta come categoria autonoma nella parte generale dello Strafgesetzbuch (StGB). Nel presente elaborato, dunque, l’evoluzione normativa e giurisprudenziale italiana si intreccia all’analisi del modello austriaco al fine di verificare se e in quale misura quest’ultimo possa offrire spunti per una razionalizzazione del sistema.
La colpa grave come limite alla responsabilità penale del personale medico-sanitario: un'analisi comparata con l'esperienza giuridica austriaca
BENVEGNA, IOHANNA
2024/2025
Abstract
The search for a limit to criminal liability constitutes the fil rouge of the ongoing debate concerning the criminal responsibility of healthcare professionals. The persistent tension between patient protection and physicians’ professional autonomy, together with the progressive emergence of so-called defensive medicine, has led the legal system to reflect on the necessity of a different criminal regime for healthcare activities. However, in the Italian legal system, the attempt to prevent medical practice from being subjected to the strict logic of ordinary negligence has led to unsatisfactory legislative reforms and inconsistent judicial interpretations. Within this framework, the degree of negligence, particularly gross negligence, has emerged as a criterion for limiting criminal liability. Timid and fragmented openings of the Italian legal system towards gross negligence are more evident if compared to the Austrian legal system. In fact, in 2015, gross negligence was recognized as an autonomous category in the general part of Strafgesetzbuch (StGB). In this dissertation, therefore, the evolution of Italian legislation and case law is intertwined with an analysis of the Austrian model, in order to verify whether and to what extent the latter may offer useful insights for rationalizing the system.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/94463