Meningioma is the most common intracranial tumor in dogs and cats. It originates from the meningothelial cells of the arachnoid membrane and accounts for up to 50% of brain tumors in dogs and 58% in cats. In most cases, it is benign, but sometimes it can be invasive or recurrent. Its incidence increases with age: on average, it appears around 9 years of age in dogs and 11 years of age in cats. This thesis retrospectively analyzed 51 dogs and 20 cats that underwent surgical resection of meningioma between 2014 and 2024. The data collected concerned reporting, clinical signs, location, volume of the neoplasm and secondary alterations visible on MRI, surgical approach, histopathology, drug treatments and follow-up (minimum period 12 months). The results showed median survival times of 673 days in dogs and 950 days in cats, with recurrence documented in approximately 14% of subjects and a median time from recurrence to death of 112 days in dogs and 32 days in cats. No significant correlation was found between survival and age, race, sex (except for cats where females showed a statistically significant survival advantage), tumour location and volume, and clinical signs. Secondary alterations visible on MRI, such as dural tail sign, perilesional oedema, obstructive hydrocephalus, calvarial hyperostosis, cervical syringomyelia, and cerebral hernias do not appear to be predictive in terms of survival or prognosis, with the exception of the association between subfalcine herniation and reduced survival time in cats, which appears to be statistically significant. Furthermore, in cats, low-grade meningiomas showed significantly higher survival rates than high-grade ones. The surgical approach (transfrontal, rostrotentorial or suboccipital) does not determine statistically significant differences in terms of survival, but dogs that underwent a transfrontal approach seem to live longer. Preoperative corticosteroid therapy appears to be associated with prolonged survival time; furthermore, each day of treatment appears to be correlated with a 1% increase in the probability of survival. Overall, this study demonstrates that surgical resection is an effective and relatively safe treatment option, with long survival times and low perioperative mortality. The possibility of recurrence, albeit minimal when associated with complete removal, highlights the importance of rigorous follow-up.
Il meningioma è il tumore intracranico più frequente nel cane e nel gatto. Deriva dalle cellule meningoteliali dell’aracnoide e rappresenta fino al 50% dei tumori cerebrali nei cani e il 58% nei gatti. Nella maggior parte dei casi è benigno, ma talvolta può mostrare un comportamento invasivo o recidivare. L’incidenza aumenta con l’età: in media compare intorno ai 9 anni nel cane e agli 11 anni nel gatto. La presente tesi ha analizzato retrospettivamente 51 cani e 20 gatti sottoposti a resezione chirurgica di meningioma tra il 2014 e il 2024. I dati raccolti riguardano segnalamento, segni clinici, sede, volume della neoplasia e alterazioni secondarie visibili in RM, approccio chirurgico, istopatologia, trattamenti farmacologici e follow-up (periodo minimo 12 mesi). I risultati hanno mostrato tempi mediani di sopravvivenza di 673 giorni nei cani e 950 giorni nei gatti, con una recidiva documentata nel 14% circa dei soggetti e un tempo mediano tra ricomparsa e decesso pari a 112 giorni nei cani e 32 giorni nei gatti. Non è emersa alcuna correlazione significativa tra sopravvivenza ed età, razza, sesso (a eccezione del gatto, dove le femmine hanno mostrato una maggior durata di vita con differenze statisticamente significative), sede e volume del tumore e segni clinici. Le alterazioni secondarie visibili in RM come il segno di coda durale, edema perilesionale, idrocefalo ostruttivo, iperostosi del calvario, siringomielia cervicale o ernie cerebrali non sembrano essere predittive. Fa eccezione l’associazione tra la presenza dell’ernia subfalcina e una sopravvivenza ridotta nel gatto che sembra essere statisticamente significativa. Inoltre, nei gatti, i meningiomi di basso grado hanno evidenziato una sopravvivenza significativamente maggiore rispetto a quelli di grado elevato. L’approccio chirurgico (transfrontale, rostrotentoriale o suboccipitale) non determina differenze statisticamente significative se rapportato alla sopravvivenza, ma i cani operati con tecnica transfrontale sembrano vivere più a lungo. La terapia corticosteroidea pre-operatoria sembra essere associata a un prolungamento del tempo di sopravvivenza; inoltre, ogni giorno di trattamento appare correlato a un incremento dell’1% della probabilità di sopravvivenza. Nel complesso, il presente studio conclude che la resezione chirurgica rappresenta un’opzione terapeutica efficace e relativamente sicura, con lunghi tempi di sopravvivenza e mortalità peri-operatoria bassa. La possibilità di recidiva, seppur minima se associata ad asportazione completa, evidenzia l’importanza di un follow-up rigoroso.
Caratteristiche semeiologiche e valutazioni prognostiche in cani e gatti sottoposti a rimozione chirurgica di meningiomi intracranici
FADEL, EVA
2024/2025
Abstract
Meningioma is the most common intracranial tumor in dogs and cats. It originates from the meningothelial cells of the arachnoid membrane and accounts for up to 50% of brain tumors in dogs and 58% in cats. In most cases, it is benign, but sometimes it can be invasive or recurrent. Its incidence increases with age: on average, it appears around 9 years of age in dogs and 11 years of age in cats. This thesis retrospectively analyzed 51 dogs and 20 cats that underwent surgical resection of meningioma between 2014 and 2024. The data collected concerned reporting, clinical signs, location, volume of the neoplasm and secondary alterations visible on MRI, surgical approach, histopathology, drug treatments and follow-up (minimum period 12 months). The results showed median survival times of 673 days in dogs and 950 days in cats, with recurrence documented in approximately 14% of subjects and a median time from recurrence to death of 112 days in dogs and 32 days in cats. No significant correlation was found between survival and age, race, sex (except for cats where females showed a statistically significant survival advantage), tumour location and volume, and clinical signs. Secondary alterations visible on MRI, such as dural tail sign, perilesional oedema, obstructive hydrocephalus, calvarial hyperostosis, cervical syringomyelia, and cerebral hernias do not appear to be predictive in terms of survival or prognosis, with the exception of the association between subfalcine herniation and reduced survival time in cats, which appears to be statistically significant. Furthermore, in cats, low-grade meningiomas showed significantly higher survival rates than high-grade ones. The surgical approach (transfrontal, rostrotentorial or suboccipital) does not determine statistically significant differences in terms of survival, but dogs that underwent a transfrontal approach seem to live longer. Preoperative corticosteroid therapy appears to be associated with prolonged survival time; furthermore, each day of treatment appears to be correlated with a 1% increase in the probability of survival. Overall, this study demonstrates that surgical resection is an effective and relatively safe treatment option, with long survival times and low perioperative mortality. The possibility of recurrence, albeit minimal when associated with complete removal, highlights the importance of rigorous follow-up.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/94556