This thesis addresses the established critical interpretation, promoted by early twentieth-century Russian thinkers such as Solov'ëv, Merezhkovsky, and Berdyaev, which posits Fyodor Dostoevsky as a philosophical precursor to Friedrich Nietzsche, suggesting his work both anticipated and surpassed Nietzsche's ideas. The aim of this work is to refute this claim by demonstrating the fundamental incommensurability between the two authors and arguing why the Russian writer cannot be considered a forerunner of the German philosopher. The analysis unfolds across four chapters. The first reconstructs the historical and intellectual relationship, highlighting that Nietzsche's admiration for Dostoevsky was aimed at his psychological prowess, not at any supposed philosophical affinity. The second chapter examines Dostoevsky's major nihilistic characters (Raskolnikov, Stavrogin, Kirillov, Ivan Karamazov), showing how they embody a form of passive nihilism, far from the affirmative will to power of the Nietzschean Übermensch. The third chapter reverses the perspective, identifying figures in Thus Spoke Zarathustra who represent a critique and an overcoming of the human types depicted by Dostoevsky. Finally, the fourth chapter identifies the radical point of divergence in the metaphor of the "path" or "road": for Dostoevsky, it is a journey of faith toward a transcendent goal; for Nietzsche, it is a non-existent path to be created in fidelity to the earth. The conclusion reiterates that, despite starting from a shared diagnosis of the crisis of modern man, Dostoevsky and Nietzsche propose diametrically opposed solutions—salvation through faith versus the creation of new values—making their visions unique and irreconcilable.
La presente tesi affronta la consolidata interpretazione critica, promossa da pensatori russi del primo Novecento come Solov'ëv, Merezkovskij e Berdjaev, secondo cui Fëdor Dostoevskij avrebbe anticipato e superato filosoficamente Friedrich Nietzsche. L'obiettivo di questo lavoro è confutare tale tesi, dimostrando l'incommensurabilità tra i due autori e argomentando perché lo scrittore russo non possa essere considerato un precursore del filosofo tedesco. L'analisi si sviluppa in quattro capitoli. Il primo ricostruisce il rapporto storico-intellettuale, evidenziando come l'ammirazione di Nietzsche per Dostoevskij fosse rivolta alla sua psicologia e non a presunte affinità filosofiche. Il secondo esamina i grandi personaggi nichilisti dostoevskiani (Raskol'nikov, Stavrogin, Kirillov, Ivan Karamazov), mostrando come essi incarnino un nichilismo passivo, lontano dalla volontà di potenza affermativa dell'oltreuomo nietzschiano. Il terzo capitolo inverte la prospettiva, rintracciando in Così parlò Zarathustra figure che rappresentano una critica e un superamento dei tipi umani descritti da Dostoevskij. Infine, il quarto capitolo individua il punto di divergenza radicale nella metafora della "strada": per Dostoevskij un percorso di fede verso una meta trascendente; per Nietzsche, un'inesistente via da creare con fedeltà alla terra. La conclusione ribadisce che, pur partendo da una comune diagnosi della crisi dell'uomo moderno, Dostoevskij e Nietzsche propongono soluzioni diametralmente opposte – la salvezza nella fede contro la creazione di nuovi valori – rendendo le loro visioni uniche e irriducibili.
"Badate che una statua non vi schiacci!" Perché Dostoevskij non può essere considerato un precursore di Nietzsche.
DI BETTA, FEDERICO
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis addresses the established critical interpretation, promoted by early twentieth-century Russian thinkers such as Solov'ëv, Merezhkovsky, and Berdyaev, which posits Fyodor Dostoevsky as a philosophical precursor to Friedrich Nietzsche, suggesting his work both anticipated and surpassed Nietzsche's ideas. The aim of this work is to refute this claim by demonstrating the fundamental incommensurability between the two authors and arguing why the Russian writer cannot be considered a forerunner of the German philosopher. The analysis unfolds across four chapters. The first reconstructs the historical and intellectual relationship, highlighting that Nietzsche's admiration for Dostoevsky was aimed at his psychological prowess, not at any supposed philosophical affinity. The second chapter examines Dostoevsky's major nihilistic characters (Raskolnikov, Stavrogin, Kirillov, Ivan Karamazov), showing how they embody a form of passive nihilism, far from the affirmative will to power of the Nietzschean Übermensch. The third chapter reverses the perspective, identifying figures in Thus Spoke Zarathustra who represent a critique and an overcoming of the human types depicted by Dostoevsky. Finally, the fourth chapter identifies the radical point of divergence in the metaphor of the "path" or "road": for Dostoevsky, it is a journey of faith toward a transcendent goal; for Nietzsche, it is a non-existent path to be created in fidelity to the earth. The conclusion reiterates that, despite starting from a shared diagnosis of the crisis of modern man, Dostoevsky and Nietzsche propose diametrically opposed solutions—salvation through faith versus the creation of new values—making their visions unique and irreconcilable.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi finita - Di Betta.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/94918