Reframing NIMBYism through a Localist Lens: Insights from Tennessee Communities

This thesis explores the relationship between NIMBYism and localism through a comparative case study analysis of economic development projects that faced local opposition. Understanding how communities respond to development initiatives is essential to maintaining democratic principles because in these societies, civil conflict and public debate are foundational. This research seeks to understand the social and political dynamics at play, helping governments, organizations, and citizens move from top-down planning approaches toward more collaborative, place-based development. A key theme of this study is the need to disentangle the often pejorative label of NIMBYism (“Not in My Backyard”)—frequently used by governments and developers to dismiss dissent—from the more constructive framework of localism, which reflects grassroots, citizen-led engagement. By analyzing the language and power dynamics surrounding these terms, this thesis offers a more accurate understanding of how local communities interact with development pressures. Focusing on mid-sized cities and their surrounding areas in Tennessee between 2020 and 2025, the research examines how different communities and their respective government and development organizations navigated conflict over development projects. Through a matrix comparing successful and unsuccessful efforts at community engagement, the study identifies strategies that can foster more community integration. These findings provide practical guidance for economic development professionals, civic leaders, and engaged citizens seeking to balance growth with community voice.