This thesis aims to analyze the link between international criminal justice, human rights and the protection of cultural heritage, with particular reference to the study of the case of Ahmad Al Faqi Al Mahdi, subjected to the judgment of the International Criminal Court for having intentionally attacked and destroyed historical and religious buildings in the city of Timbuktu, Mali. The central hypothesis of this study is that international criminal justice can have a significant impact on the protection of human rights and, through the analysis of the Al Mahdi case, it is intended to demonstrate how the protection of cultural heritage has been progressively recognized as a fundamental aspect of this justice. Through the demonstration of the cultural value of the destroyed buildings in Timbuktu, and the examination of previous jurisprudence, it is intended to explore how the International Criminal Court considered the destruction not only as a violation of humanitarian law, but also as an attack on human memory and identity. The idea is that this case represents a fundamental step in recognizing the destruction of cultural heritage as a serious violation of fundamental human rights, with important legal implications that would make it possible to strengthen its protection at the international level, expanding the prosecutability of such crimes even if committed in times of peace, and not only during armed conflicts.
La presente tesi si propone di analizzare il legame tra la giustizia penale internazionale, i diritti umani e la protezione del patrimonio culturale, con particolare riferimento allo studio del caso di Ahmad Al Faqi Al Mahdi, sottoposto al giudizio della Corte Penale Internazionale per aver intenzionalmente attaccato e distrutto edifici storici e religiosi della città di Timbuctù, in Mali. L’ipotesi centrale di questo studio è che la giustizia penale internazionale possa avere un impatto significativo sulla tutela dei diritti umani e, attraverso l’analisi del caso Al Mahdi, si intende dimostrare come la protezione del patrimonio culturale sia stata progressivamente riconosciuta come un aspetto fondamentale di questa giustizia. Attraverso la dimostrazione del valore culturale degli edifici distrutti a Timbuctù, e l’esame della giurisprudenza precedente, si intende esplorare come la Corte Penale Internazionale abbia considerato la distruzione non solo come una violazione del diritto umanitario, ma anche come un attacco alla memoria e all’identità umana. L’idea è che questo caso rappresenti un passo fondamentale nel riconoscere la distruzione del patrimonio culturale come una grave violazione dei diritti umani fondamentali, con importanti implicazioni giuridiche che consentirebbero di rafforzarne la tutela a livello internazionale, ampliando la perseguibilità di tali crimini anche se commessi in tempi di pace, e non solo durante i conflitti armati.
Giustizia penale internazionale, diritti umani, patrimonio culturale. Il caso Al Mahdi davanti alla Corte Penale Internazionale
GIRARDINI, FOSCA
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis aims to analyze the link between international criminal justice, human rights and the protection of cultural heritage, with particular reference to the study of the case of Ahmad Al Faqi Al Mahdi, subjected to the judgment of the International Criminal Court for having intentionally attacked and destroyed historical and religious buildings in the city of Timbuktu, Mali. The central hypothesis of this study is that international criminal justice can have a significant impact on the protection of human rights and, through the analysis of the Al Mahdi case, it is intended to demonstrate how the protection of cultural heritage has been progressively recognized as a fundamental aspect of this justice. Through the demonstration of the cultural value of the destroyed buildings in Timbuktu, and the examination of previous jurisprudence, it is intended to explore how the International Criminal Court considered the destruction not only as a violation of humanitarian law, but also as an attack on human memory and identity. The idea is that this case represents a fundamental step in recognizing the destruction of cultural heritage as a serious violation of fundamental human rights, with important legal implications that would make it possible to strengthen its protection at the international level, expanding the prosecutability of such crimes even if committed in times of peace, and not only during armed conflicts.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/95723