The climate crisis is generating unprecedented levels of forced mobility, giving rise to a new category—commonly referred to as “climate refugees”—which still lacks legal recognition. This thesis aims to examine the legal void at the intersection of international human rights law and the refugee protection regime, highlighting how millions of people, although compelled to flee their homes due to extreme environmental events, remain outside the scope of protection afforded by the 1951 Geneva Convention. The paper explores the climate-related drivers of mobility, their implications for fundamental rights, and the still fragmented responses of the international community. It reviews recent case law and the role of soft law instruments, as well as the normative options currently under discussion, including the extension of refugee status or the establishment of a dedicated legal framework.The objective is to propose legal and policy solutions to bridge the existing normative gap, promoting an integrated, human rights-based approach capable of addressing one of the most pressing emerging challenges of our time.
La crisi climatica sta generando livelli di mobilità forzata senza precedenti, dando origine alla categoria, ancora priva di riconoscimento giuridico, dei cosiddetti "rifugiati climatici". Questo elaborato si propone di analizzare la lacuna normativa che si apre all’intersezione tra il diritto internazionale dei diritti umani e il sistema di protezione dei rifugiati, evidenziando come milioni di persone, pur costrette ad abbandonare il proprio territorio per cause legate ad eventi ambientali estremi, restino escluse dalla tutela offerta dalla Convenzione di Ginevra del 1951. La tesi esplora i fattori climatici che determinano la mobilità, le implicazioni per i diritti fondamentali e le risposte (ancora frammentarie) della comunità internazionale. Viene esaminata la giurisprudenza recente e il ruolo degli strumenti di soft law, così come le opzioni normative attualmente in discussione, tra cui l’estensione dello status di rifugiato o la creazione di un quadro giuridico ad hoc. L'obiettivo è quello di proporre soluzioni giuridiche e politiche per colmare il vuoto normativo esistente, promuovendo un approccio integrato e fondato sul rispetto dei diritti umani, capace di affrontare una delle sfide emergenti più urgenti del nostro tempo.
Rifugiati climatici e vuoto normativo: una sfida emergente per il diritto internazionale dei diritti umani.
PIRO, NINA
2024/2025
Abstract
The climate crisis is generating unprecedented levels of forced mobility, giving rise to a new category—commonly referred to as “climate refugees”—which still lacks legal recognition. This thesis aims to examine the legal void at the intersection of international human rights law and the refugee protection regime, highlighting how millions of people, although compelled to flee their homes due to extreme environmental events, remain outside the scope of protection afforded by the 1951 Geneva Convention. The paper explores the climate-related drivers of mobility, their implications for fundamental rights, and the still fragmented responses of the international community. It reviews recent case law and the role of soft law instruments, as well as the normative options currently under discussion, including the extension of refugee status or the establishment of a dedicated legal framework.The objective is to propose legal and policy solutions to bridge the existing normative gap, promoting an integrated, human rights-based approach capable of addressing one of the most pressing emerging challenges of our time.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/95950