This thesis examines the phenomenon of prison privatization in the United States, analyzing its origins, the economic-political dynamics, and the social consequences. The aim is to highlight how the American penitentiary system—originally designed to guarantee security and justice—has gradually been transformed into a sector dominated by profit logics and private interests, generating complex and often contradictory effects. The work adopts a contemporary historical perspective, retracing the processes that favored the affirmation of the privatized prison model and questioning the ethical and political implications of this transformation. Through the analysis of data, official reports, and theoretical contributions, the research shows how the combination of neoliberalism, punitive culture, and an increasing demand for security fostered the rise of a genuine “prison-industrial complex,” in which private companies not only profit from the growing incarcerated population but also play an active role in shaping public policies through lobbying and political financing, creating a vicious circle that fuels the expansion of the system itself. This logic, far from reducing crime or improving detention conditions, risks reinforcing social inequalities, disproportionately affecting ethnic minorities and economically vulnerable groups. The thesis also addresses the most controversial issues related to fundamental rights, questioning the compatibility of privatization with the protection of human dignity. Mass incarceration, living conditions inside detention centers, and the high rate of recidivism emerge as key elements that challenge the effectiveness and legitimacy of the model. At the same time, it examines reform prospects by looking at international experiences and alternative approaches, such as those of Scandinavian origin, which propose a more inclusive and rehabilitative prison system. Ultimately, this research seeks to go beyond a merely technical reading of the question, offering a broader reflection on the relationship between justice, economy, and democracy. The U.S. case thus becomes a privileged lens through which to explore how contemporary societies choose to address social conflict—balancing security, human rights, and profit—and to consider which paths might lead toward a more equitable and morally just penal system.
Questo elaborato affronta il fenomeno della privatizzazione carceraria negli Stati Uniti, analizzandone le origini, le dinamiche economico-politiche e le conseguenze sociali. L’obiettivo è mettere in luce come il sistema penitenziario americano, nato per garantire sicurezza e giustizia, si sia progressivamente trasformato in un settore in cui prevalgono logiche di profitto e interessi privati, generando effetti complessi e spesso contraddittori. Il lavoro si colloca in un’ottica storica contemporanea, ripercorrendo i processi che hanno favorito l’affermazione del modello carcerario privatizzato e interrogandosi sulle implicazioni etiche e politiche di questa trasformazione. Attraverso l’analisi di dati, rapporti ufficiali e contributi teorici, la ricerca evidenzia come la combinazione tra neoliberismo economico, cultura punitiva e crescente domanda di sicurezza abbia favorito la nascita di un vero e proprio “complesso carcerario industriale”, in cui le le aziende private, che gestiscono istituti di detenzione, non solo traggono profitto dall’aumento della popolazione carceraria, ma svolgono anche un ruolo attivo nell’orientare le politiche pubbliche, attraverso lobbying e finanziamenti politici, in un circolo vizioso che alimenta l’espansione del sistema stesso. Questa logica, lungi dal ridurre la criminalità o migliorare le condizioni di detenzione, rischia di rafforzare le disuguaglianze sociali, colpendo in particolare le minoranze etniche e i gruppi economicamente più vulnerabili. La tesi affronta inoltre i nodi più controversi legati ai diritti fondamentali, ponendo interrogativi sulla compatibilità tra privatizzazione e tutela della dignità umana. L’incarcerazione di massa, le condizioni di vita all’interno dei centri e il tasso elevato di recidiva emergono come elementi che mettono in discussione l’efficacia e la legittimità del modello. Allo stesso tempo, vengono esaminate le prospettive di riforma, guardando alle esperienze internazionali e a modelli alternativi, come quelli di matrice scandinava, che propongono un approccio carcerario più inclusivo e riabilitativo. In definitiva, questa ricerca mira a superare una lettura meramente tecnica della questione, proponendo una riflessione più ampia sul rapporto tra giustizia, economia e democrazia. Il caso statunitense diventa così una lente privilegiata per interrogarsi su come le società contemporanee scelgano di affrontare il conflitto sociale, bilanciando sicurezza, diritti delle persone e profitto, e su quali strade possano condurre a un sistema penitenziario più equo e moralmente giusto.
Carcere e profitto: origini, evoluzione e prospettive delle prigioni private negli Stati Uniti
COLOMBO, MATTHIAS
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis examines the phenomenon of prison privatization in the United States, analyzing its origins, the economic-political dynamics, and the social consequences. The aim is to highlight how the American penitentiary system—originally designed to guarantee security and justice—has gradually been transformed into a sector dominated by profit logics and private interests, generating complex and often contradictory effects. The work adopts a contemporary historical perspective, retracing the processes that favored the affirmation of the privatized prison model and questioning the ethical and political implications of this transformation. Through the analysis of data, official reports, and theoretical contributions, the research shows how the combination of neoliberalism, punitive culture, and an increasing demand for security fostered the rise of a genuine “prison-industrial complex,” in which private companies not only profit from the growing incarcerated population but also play an active role in shaping public policies through lobbying and political financing, creating a vicious circle that fuels the expansion of the system itself. This logic, far from reducing crime or improving detention conditions, risks reinforcing social inequalities, disproportionately affecting ethnic minorities and economically vulnerable groups. The thesis also addresses the most controversial issues related to fundamental rights, questioning the compatibility of privatization with the protection of human dignity. Mass incarceration, living conditions inside detention centers, and the high rate of recidivism emerge as key elements that challenge the effectiveness and legitimacy of the model. At the same time, it examines reform prospects by looking at international experiences and alternative approaches, such as those of Scandinavian origin, which propose a more inclusive and rehabilitative prison system. Ultimately, this research seeks to go beyond a merely technical reading of the question, offering a broader reflection on the relationship between justice, economy, and democracy. The U.S. case thus becomes a privileged lens through which to explore how contemporary societies choose to address social conflict—balancing security, human rights, and profit—and to consider which paths might lead toward a more equitable and morally just penal system.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/96087