This work was conceived with the aim of reflecting on the concept of democracy and its possible extension to the realm of international relations, with particular attention to the role of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) holding consultative status with the United Nations. The first chapter traces the historical and theoretical evolution of democracy, from its Greek origins to modern times, through the thought of authors such as Rousseau, Bobbio, and Weber. It highlights how democracy is a continuously evolving process, subject to tensions between idealism and pragmatism, between form and substance. The thesis then explores the vision of Antonio Papisca, who argues that democracy can and must be applied at the international level. From this perspective, international democracy is seen as a process aimed at ensuring a more equitable, inclusive, and participatory global governance, based on cooperation among states and peoples and on the centrality of human rights. A significant contribution is also offered by Alexis de Tocqueville, who emphasizes the importance of active citizen participation, and by David Held, who proposes a model of cosmopolitan democracy based on multilevel institutions. The second chapter analyzes the consultative status with ECOSOC, governed by Resolution 1996/31, and the concept of the “Third United Nations” developed by Thomas G. Weiss, which recognizes NGOs as active players in the generation of ideas and advocacy for change. The third chapter focuses on the UN Security Council, examining its critical aspects and the formal and informal ways it interacts with NGOs, such as the Arria Formula, and the reform proposals aimed at institutionalizing dialogue with civil society. The case studies of the Community of Sant’Egidio and Médecins Sans Frontières demonstrate how NGOs contribute to strengthening the democratic legitimacy of the multilateral system.
Il presente lavoro nasce con l’obiettivo di riflettere sul concetto di democrazia e sulla sua possibile estensione al piano delle relazioni internazionali, con particolare attenzione al ruolo delle Organizzazioni Non Governative (ONG) con status consultivo presso le Nazioni Unite. Il primo capitolo ripercorre l’evoluzione storica e teorica della democrazia, dalle origini greche fino alla modernità, attraverso il pensiero di autori come Rousseau, Bobbio e Weber, evidenziando come la democrazia sia un processo in continua trasformazione, esposto a tensioni tra idealismo e pragmatismo, tra forma e sostanza. La tesi approfondisce poi la visione di Antonio Papisca, secondo cui la democrazia può e deve essere applicata anche a livello internazionale. In questa prospettiva, la democrazia internazionale si configura come un processo volto a garantire una governance globale più equa, inclusiva e partecipativa, fondata sulla cooperazione tra Stati e popoli e sulla centralità dei diritti umani. Un contributo significativo è offerto anche da Alexis de Tocqueville, che sottolinea l’importanza della partecipazione attiva dei cittadini, e da David Held, che propone un modello di democrazia cosmopolita basato su istituzioni multilivello. Il secondo capitolo analizza lo status consultivo presso l’ECOSOC, regolato dalla Risoluzione 1996/31, e il concetto di “Terza Nazioni Unite” elaborato da Thomas G. Weiss, che riconosce alle ONG un ruolo attivo nella produzione di idee e nella pressione per il cambiamento. Il terzo capitolo si concentra sul Consiglio di Sicurezza dell’ONU, analizzandone le criticità e le modalità, formali e informali, di interazione con le ONG, come la Arria Formula, e le proposte di riforma che mirano a istituzionalizzare il dialogo con la società civile. I casi studio della Comunità di Sant’Egidio e di Medici Senza Frontiere mostrano come le ONG contribuiscono a rafforzare la legittimità democratica del sistema multilaterale.
Il dialogo delle ONG con il Cosniglio di Sicurezza della Nazioni Unite: verso una democrazia internazionale partecipativa
HAYMAR D'ETTORY, GIULIA
2024/2025
Abstract
This work was conceived with the aim of reflecting on the concept of democracy and its possible extension to the realm of international relations, with particular attention to the role of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) holding consultative status with the United Nations. The first chapter traces the historical and theoretical evolution of democracy, from its Greek origins to modern times, through the thought of authors such as Rousseau, Bobbio, and Weber. It highlights how democracy is a continuously evolving process, subject to tensions between idealism and pragmatism, between form and substance. The thesis then explores the vision of Antonio Papisca, who argues that democracy can and must be applied at the international level. From this perspective, international democracy is seen as a process aimed at ensuring a more equitable, inclusive, and participatory global governance, based on cooperation among states and peoples and on the centrality of human rights. A significant contribution is also offered by Alexis de Tocqueville, who emphasizes the importance of active citizen participation, and by David Held, who proposes a model of cosmopolitan democracy based on multilevel institutions. The second chapter analyzes the consultative status with ECOSOC, governed by Resolution 1996/31, and the concept of the “Third United Nations” developed by Thomas G. Weiss, which recognizes NGOs as active players in the generation of ideas and advocacy for change. The third chapter focuses on the UN Security Council, examining its critical aspects and the formal and informal ways it interacts with NGOs, such as the Arria Formula, and the reform proposals aimed at institutionalizing dialogue with civil society. The case studies of the Community of Sant’Egidio and Médecins Sans Frontières demonstrate how NGOs contribute to strengthening the democratic legitimacy of the multilateral system.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/96097