This research falls within the field of Traffic Psychology and aims to investigate the role of certain psychological variables in the driving task. The ultimate goal is to provide a scientific contribution useful for promoting safety for all road users, particularly the so called “vulnerable users”, who are those most exposed to severe consequences in the event of involvement in a traffic accident. The social relevance of studying the driving task and its constitutive elements emerges from the necessity of mobility, namely moving from one point to another represents a daily requirement shared by the majority of the population. To this end two urban routes were devised, one containing risk scenes from which an accident may arise (Cr) and one without such scenes (Cn), using the Lander motorcycle simulator while also employing eye-tracking technology to study changes in ocular parameters and visual exploration behavior in 52 recruited subjects (M = 24,58 years old, SD = 5,29 years). The four research questions from which the experimental hypotheses were derived concern: (1) the possibility of using ocular parameters (pupil diameter, saccades and blinks) as real time indicators of Cognitive Load; (2) the role of Emotional Intelligence (EI) in influencing the visual exploration in environments rich in potentially threatening stimuli; (3) the link between EI and the enactment of risky driving behaviors; (4) the influence of Empathy (cognitive and affective) on the distribution of visual attention towards different types of road users (vulnerable and not vulnerable). Video analysis was carried out using Yolo (v11), while the statistical analyses were conducted with SPSS (v29.0.1.0). The results indicate that pupil diameter and saccade duration are adequate parameters for real time measurement of Cognitive Load, while the EI dimensions Clarity, Attention and Self-Control are associated with more defensive visual exploration strategies. Cognitive Empathy helps in exploring the road environment more broadly and quickly facilitating decision making, while Affective Empathy favors prolonged fixations on cars, suggesting a potentially non adaptive effect on the driving task. These results suggest that the implementation of ocular feedback during driving, as well as the design of targeted interventions to enhance emotional and empathic skills of vehicle drivers, can promote more defensive driving strategies and reduce the risk of road accidents.
La presente ricerca si colloca nell’ambito della Psicologia del Traffico e ha lo scopo di indagare il ruolo di alcune variabili psicologiche nel compito di guida. L’obiettivo è quello di fornire un contributo scientifico utile a promuovere la sicurezza per tutti gli utenti della strada, in particolare i cosiddetti “utenti vulnerabili”, ovvero quelli maggiormente esposti a conseguenze gravi in caso di coinvolgimento in un incidente stradale. La rilevanza sociale dello studio del compito di guida e degli elementi che lo caratterizzano emerge dalla necessità di mobilità: spostarsi da un punto all’altro rappresenta un’esigenza quotidiana condivisa dalla maggior parte della popolazione. Sono stati pertanto elaborati due percorsi urbani, uno contenente scene di rischio dalle quali può scaturire un sinistro (Cr) e uno senza di esse (Cn), con il simulatore di motociclo Lander, impiegando al contempo anche una tecnologia eye-tracker per studiare i cambiamenti nei parametri oculari e il comportamento di esplorazione visiva dello spazio nei 52 soggetti reclutati (M = 24,58 anni; SD = 5,29 anni). Le quattro domande di ricerca da cui sono derivate le ipotesi sperimentali riguardano: (1) la possibilità di utilizzare parametri oculari (diametro pupillare, saccadi e blink) come indicatori in tempo reale del Carico Cognitivo; (2) il ruolo dell’Intelligenza Emotiva (EI) nell’influenzare l’esplorazione visiva in ambienti ricchi di stimoli potenzialmente minacciosi; (3) il legame tra l’EI e la messa in atto di comportamenti rischiosi alla guida; (4) l’influenza dell’Empatia (cognitiva e affettiva) sulla distribuzione dell’attenzione visiva verso diversi tipi di utenti della strada (vulnerabili e non vulnerabili). La video analisi è stata eseguita con Yolo (v11), mentre le analisi statistiche sono state condotte con il software SPSS (v29.0.1.0). I risultati indicano che il diametro pupillare e la durata delle saccadi sono parametri adeguati alla misurazione in tempo reale Carico Cognitivo, mentre le dimensioni dell’EI Clarity, Attention e Autocontrollo si associano a strategie di esplorazione visiva dello spazio maggiormente difensive. L’Empatia Cognitiva aiuta ad esplorare più ampiamente e rapidamente l’ambiente stradale favorendo la presa di decisione, mentre l’Empatia Affettiva favorisce fissazioni prolungate nei confronti delle automobili, suggerendo un effetto potenzialmente non adattivo sul compito di guida. Questi risultati suggeriscono che l’implementazione di feedback oculometrici alla guida, così come la progettazione di interventi mirati ad accrescere le competenze emotive ed empatiche dei conducenti di veicoli, possano promuovere strategie di guida maggiormente difensive e ridurre il rischio di incidentalità stradale.
Il ruolo dell’Intelligenza Emotiva e dell’Empatia nella guida: Analisi del comportamento oculare durante la guida simulata.
BENVENUTO, VITTORIO
2024/2025
Abstract
This research falls within the field of Traffic Psychology and aims to investigate the role of certain psychological variables in the driving task. The ultimate goal is to provide a scientific contribution useful for promoting safety for all road users, particularly the so called “vulnerable users”, who are those most exposed to severe consequences in the event of involvement in a traffic accident. The social relevance of studying the driving task and its constitutive elements emerges from the necessity of mobility, namely moving from one point to another represents a daily requirement shared by the majority of the population. To this end two urban routes were devised, one containing risk scenes from which an accident may arise (Cr) and one without such scenes (Cn), using the Lander motorcycle simulator while also employing eye-tracking technology to study changes in ocular parameters and visual exploration behavior in 52 recruited subjects (M = 24,58 years old, SD = 5,29 years). The four research questions from which the experimental hypotheses were derived concern: (1) the possibility of using ocular parameters (pupil diameter, saccades and blinks) as real time indicators of Cognitive Load; (2) the role of Emotional Intelligence (EI) in influencing the visual exploration in environments rich in potentially threatening stimuli; (3) the link between EI and the enactment of risky driving behaviors; (4) the influence of Empathy (cognitive and affective) on the distribution of visual attention towards different types of road users (vulnerable and not vulnerable). Video analysis was carried out using Yolo (v11), while the statistical analyses were conducted with SPSS (v29.0.1.0). The results indicate that pupil diameter and saccade duration are adequate parameters for real time measurement of Cognitive Load, while the EI dimensions Clarity, Attention and Self-Control are associated with more defensive visual exploration strategies. Cognitive Empathy helps in exploring the road environment more broadly and quickly facilitating decision making, while Affective Empathy favors prolonged fixations on cars, suggesting a potentially non adaptive effect on the driving task. These results suggest that the implementation of ocular feedback during driving, as well as the design of targeted interventions to enhance emotional and empathic skills of vehicle drivers, can promote more defensive driving strategies and reduce the risk of road accidents.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/96229