Low back pain is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. This thesis specifically examines low back pain that arises after surgical procedures, focusing on operations on the spine, hip, and knee. It further differentiates the specific changes associated with the various procedures within each macro-category. Accordingly, the following interventions were analyzed in detail: laminectomy, discectomy, spinal fusion, and foraminotomy for spinal surgery; total hip arthroplasty, partial hip arthroplasty (hemiarthroplasty), and revision hip surgery for hip procedures; and total knee arthroplasty, unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, and revision knee surgery for knee procedures. To better understand how these surgeries can lead to low back pain, the anatomical, physiological, and biomechanical alterations induced by each intervention were examined and linked to possible mechanisms of pain generation. Based on these findings, the potential role of the kinesiologist was explored, proposing specific intervention strategies for each problem. According to current literature, these may include motor-control and stabilization exercises, targeted strengthening of muscles affected and not affected by the surgery, proprioceptive and balance training, aerobic exercise, and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in cases of arthrogenic muscle inhibition. Key parameters for tailoring the kinesiological intervention are also analyzed, such as the optimal timing to start after surgery, frequency, session and program duration, and intensity. Finally, the last chapter considers the role of exercise and therefore the kinesiologist in the preoperative phases, evaluating how a prehabilitation program can reduce postoperative pain and improve patient function after surgery.
La lombalgia rappresenta una delle principali cause di disabilità a livello mondiale, questa tesi esamina nello specifico la lombalgia insorta dopo interventi chirurgici, nello specifico a livello della colonna vertebrale, dell’anca e del ginocchio, differenziando, ancor più nello specifico, le modificazioni specifiche ad i vari interventi appartenenti alle stesse macrocategorie, per tanto sono state analizzato nello specifico: laminectomia, Discectomia, artrodesi vertebrale, foraminotomia per quanto riguarda interventi a livello della colonna vertebrale; artroplastica totale d’anca, artroplastica parziale e revisione protesica per gli interventi a livello dell’anca; artroplastica totale di ginocchio, artroplastica monocompartimentale e revisione protesica per il ginocchio. Per comprenderne meglio come essi possano portare alla lombalgia, per ognuno è stato analizzato a livello anatomico, fisiologico e biomeccanico le modificazioni che ognuno di questi interventi chirurgici può portare al paziente che vi è stato sottoposto e come queste possano far scaturire la lombalgia. Sulla base di quanto riscontrato e analizzato, sono state analizzate le possibilità di intervento del chinesiologo, con strategie specifiche per ogni problematica, essi da quanto emerge dalla letteratura attuale, possono comprendere: esercizi di controllo motorio e stabilizzazione, rinforzo specifico di muscoli intaccati dall’operazione chirurgica e non, allenamento propriocettivo ed equilibrio, esercizio aerobico, e NMES in caso di inibizione atrogenica; saranno inoltre analizzati i parametri chiave per regolare l’intervento chinesiologico, quali distanza temporale dall’intervento ottimale per iniziare, frequenza, durata delle sedute e del protocollo ed intensità. Nell’ultimo capitolo, infine, saranno prese in considerazioni le possibilità che l’esercizio fisico e quindi il chinesiologo ha nelle fasi precedenti l’intervento chirurgico, valutando come, attraverso un percorso di prehabilitation, è possibile ridurre il dolore post-operatorio e migliorare la funzionalità del paziente post-intervento.
Interventi chinesiologici in lombalgia post interventi chirurgici
MORASSO, MATTIA
2024/2025
Abstract
Low back pain is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. This thesis specifically examines low back pain that arises after surgical procedures, focusing on operations on the spine, hip, and knee. It further differentiates the specific changes associated with the various procedures within each macro-category. Accordingly, the following interventions were analyzed in detail: laminectomy, discectomy, spinal fusion, and foraminotomy for spinal surgery; total hip arthroplasty, partial hip arthroplasty (hemiarthroplasty), and revision hip surgery for hip procedures; and total knee arthroplasty, unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, and revision knee surgery for knee procedures. To better understand how these surgeries can lead to low back pain, the anatomical, physiological, and biomechanical alterations induced by each intervention were examined and linked to possible mechanisms of pain generation. Based on these findings, the potential role of the kinesiologist was explored, proposing specific intervention strategies for each problem. According to current literature, these may include motor-control and stabilization exercises, targeted strengthening of muscles affected and not affected by the surgery, proprioceptive and balance training, aerobic exercise, and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in cases of arthrogenic muscle inhibition. Key parameters for tailoring the kinesiological intervention are also analyzed, such as the optimal timing to start after surgery, frequency, session and program duration, and intensity. Finally, the last chapter considers the role of exercise and therefore the kinesiologist in the preoperative phases, evaluating how a prehabilitation program can reduce postoperative pain and improve patient function after surgery.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/96392