Patient safety represents a central challenge for modern healthcare systems. In psychiatry, however, attention to clinical risk has historically been less pronounced than in other areas of care, despite distinct clinical and organizational characteristics. This study aimed to examine clinical risk dynamics within the mental health services of the Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC) and to derive implications for the development of a tailored training program. The research was conducted through three complementary approaches. First, a narrative literature review was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library to identify major risks and current evidence on prevention and Risk Management strategies in psychiatric care. Second, a retrospective observational analysis was carried out on incident reports collected by the Department of Addiction and Mental Health (DDSM) between 2019 and 2025. Finally, the HSOPSC 2.0 questionnaire, translated into Italian through a forward–backward consensus procedure, was administered to departmental staff. The integration of these methods informed the design of a targeted training program aimed at strengthening competencies and promoting safety for both patients and professionals. The literature review highlighted the most frequent categories of adverse events and Risk Management strategies in mental health services. Incident report analysis revealed a substantial prevalence of aggression towards staff, along with critical issues in pharmacological management. Questionnaire findings indicated variability between well-established practices and more vulnerable domains, particularly regarding staffing resources and responsiveness to errors. Integration of these results supported the development of a structured training program comprising theoretical modules and practical exercises, designed to enhance staff competencies, foster critical reflection, and advance a culture of safety. This work contributes to embedding professional training within continuous quality improvement processes in psychiatric services. The findings underscore that patient safety in psychiatry requires context-specific approaches rather than the simple adaptation of strategies from other clinical domains. Future directions include extending the initiative to additional healthcare settings and evaluating the long-term impact of the training program, with the aim of consolidating its effectiveness and promoting the systematic dissemination of best practices. Keywords: patient safety; clinical risk; mental health; clinical risk management; incident reporting; safety culture; HSOPSC 2.0; training.
La tutela della sicurezza del paziente rappresenta una delle sfide centrali per i sistemi sanitari contemporanei. Nel campo della psichiatria, tuttavia, l’attenzione al rischio clinico si è storicamente sviluppata in misura minore rispetto ad altri ambiti assistenziali, pur in presenza di peculiarità cliniche e organizzative. Il presente lavoro si propone di analizzare le dinamiche del rischio clinico nei servizi di salute mentale dell’Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC) e di trarre indicazioni utili alla progettazione di un percorso formativo specifico. La ricerca si è articolata in tre filoni complementari. In primo luogo, è stata condotta una revisione narrativa della letteratura, attraverso le banche dati PubMed, Scopus e Cochrane Library, al fine di individuare i rischi maggiori e le evidenze aggiornate sulle strategie di prevenzione e gestione del rischio nei contesti psichiatrici. In secondo luogo, è stata realizzata un’analisi osservazionale retrospettiva degli incident reporting raccolti presso il Dipartimento Dipendenze e Salute Mentale (DDSM) nel periodo 2019–2025. Infine, è stato somministrato al personale del Dipartimento il questionario HSOPSC 2.0, tradotto in italiano attraverso una doppia traduzione con consenso. L’integrazione di questi tre approcci ha consentito di progettare di un percorso formativo mirato, orientato a rafforzare le competenze e promuovere la sicurezza di pazienti e operatori. La revisione della letteratura ha consentito di identificare le tipologie più frequenti di eventi avversi e le strategie di Risk Management nei servizi di salute mentale. L’analisi degli incident reporting ha mostrato una prevalenza significativa di episodi di aggressione nei confronti degli operatori, oltre a criticità rilevanti nella gestione farmacologica. Il questionario ha evidenziato una variabilità tra pratiche consolidate e ambiti più vulnerabili, in particolare per quanto riguarda la dotazione organica e la capacità di risposta agli errori. L’integrazione dei dati raccolti ha portato alla progettazione di un corso di formazione strutturato in moduli teorici ed esercitazioni pratiche, con l’intento di rafforzare le competenze del personale, promuovere una riflessione critica e favorire la cultura della sicurezza. Il presente elaborato offre un contributo all’integrazione della formazione professionale nei processi di miglioramento continuo dei servizi psichiatrici. I dati raccolti sottolineano come la sicurezza del paziente in psichiatria richieda approcci dedicati e non semplicemente mutuati da altri contesti clinici. Futuri sviluppi riguarderanno l’estensione dell’esperienza ad altri territori e la valutazione a lungo termine dell’impatto del percorso formativo, con l’obiettivo di consolidarne l’efficacia e favorire una diffusione sistematica delle buone pratiche individuate. Parole chiave: sicurezza del paziente; rischio clinico; salute mentale; gestione del rischio clinico; incident reporting; cultura della sicurezza; HSOPSC 2.0; formazione.
La sicurezza del paziente in salute mentale: indagine sulla percezione del rischio clinico in ASUFC e sviluppo di un intervento formativo mirato.
CONT, MARIA
2024/2025
Abstract
Patient safety represents a central challenge for modern healthcare systems. In psychiatry, however, attention to clinical risk has historically been less pronounced than in other areas of care, despite distinct clinical and organizational characteristics. This study aimed to examine clinical risk dynamics within the mental health services of the Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC) and to derive implications for the development of a tailored training program. The research was conducted through three complementary approaches. First, a narrative literature review was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library to identify major risks and current evidence on prevention and Risk Management strategies in psychiatric care. Second, a retrospective observational analysis was carried out on incident reports collected by the Department of Addiction and Mental Health (DDSM) between 2019 and 2025. Finally, the HSOPSC 2.0 questionnaire, translated into Italian through a forward–backward consensus procedure, was administered to departmental staff. The integration of these methods informed the design of a targeted training program aimed at strengthening competencies and promoting safety for both patients and professionals. The literature review highlighted the most frequent categories of adverse events and Risk Management strategies in mental health services. Incident report analysis revealed a substantial prevalence of aggression towards staff, along with critical issues in pharmacological management. Questionnaire findings indicated variability between well-established practices and more vulnerable domains, particularly regarding staffing resources and responsiveness to errors. Integration of these results supported the development of a structured training program comprising theoretical modules and practical exercises, designed to enhance staff competencies, foster critical reflection, and advance a culture of safety. This work contributes to embedding professional training within continuous quality improvement processes in psychiatric services. The findings underscore that patient safety in psychiatry requires context-specific approaches rather than the simple adaptation of strategies from other clinical domains. Future directions include extending the initiative to additional healthcare settings and evaluating the long-term impact of the training program, with the aim of consolidating its effectiveness and promoting the systematic dissemination of best practices. Keywords: patient safety; clinical risk; mental health; clinical risk management; incident reporting; safety culture; HSOPSC 2.0; training.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/96586