INTRODUCTION: According to the WHO, nutrition and eating disorders (DNA) represent a growing public health problem due to their prevalence and declining age of onset. They predominantly affect females during adolescence. Among these, Anorexia Nervosa (AN) stands out; it is a complex and multidimensional disorder characterized by the interaction of predisposing, triggering, and maintaining factors. Early identification of symptoms is essential for a favorable prognosis, but is often difficult, as sufferers tend to hide their behaviors. In this context, parents play a crucial role, but may encounter difficulties recognizing the early signs of the disorder. This paper analyzes the perception and level of knowledge of parents of adolescents regarding the main risk factors and typical behaviors of NEDs. The aim of this paper is to identify any information gaps and propose targeted prevention and health promotion interventions, as well as provide appropriate tools for addressing the disorder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A self-written online questionnaire supervised by the speaker was administered to parents of students attending two secondary schools in the municipalities of Pieve di Soligo and Valdobbiadene. We assessed their level of knowledge about anorexia nervosa, their awareness of its symptoms, and associated consequences through specific and targeted questions. RESULTS: Most parents recognize the seriousness of anorexia nervosa and its impact on their mental and physical health. They reported a partial understanding of the disorder, some risk factors, and associated behaviors, such as perfectionism and excessive exercise. A small percentage believed their daughter could develop the disorder. The prevalence of mothers among the respondents confirms the more active role of the mother in caring for and raising her children. DISCUSSION: The data confirms parents' partial knowledge of anorexia nervosa, who tend to have a limited understanding of the disorder. This limited understanding can hinder timely seeking help and early recognition of symptoms. The analysis of the results, consistent with available scientific evidence, highlights the need to strengthen training and awareness-raising activities aimed at parents, in order to improve their ability to identify the early signs of eating disorders. In this context, the Health Assistant, in collaboration with the school and community, plays a strategic role in promoting health literacy and enhancing the family as a fundamental resource in the treatment process, in accordance with the multidimensional approach promoted by the WHO.
INTRODUZIONE I disturbi della nutrizione e dell’alimentazione (DNA) rappresentano, secondo l’OMS, un crescente problema di sanità pubblica per la loro diffusione e per l’abbassamento dell’età d’esordio. Colpiscono prevalentemente il sesso femminile durante la fase adolescenziale. Tra questi, spicca l’Anoressia Nervosa (AN); una patologia complessa e multidimensionale, caratterizzata dall’interazione di fattori predisponenti, scatenanti e di mantenimento. L’individuazione precoce dei sintomi è fondamentale per una prognosi favorevole, ma spesso risulta difficile, poiché chi ne soffre tende a nascondere i propri comportamenti. In tale contesto, i genitori svolgono un ruolo cruciale, ma possono incontrare difficoltà nel riconoscere i segnali precoci del disturbo. Il presente elaborato analizza la percezione e il livello di conoscenza dei genitori di adolescenti riguardo ai principali fattori di rischio e ai comportamenti tipici dell’AN, con l’obiettivo di individuare eventuali carenze informative e proporre interventi mirati di prevenzione e promozione della salute nonché fornire gli strumenti adeguati per affrontare la malattia. MATERIALI E METODI E’ stato somministrato un questionario online auto redatto su supervisione del Relatore, ai genitori di studenti frequentanti due istituti di istruzione secondaria del comune di Pieve di Soligo e Valdobbiadene. Si è indagato il livello di conoscenza dell’anoressia nervosa, la consapevolezza dei sintomi e delle conseguenze associate, attraverso domande specifiche e mirate. RISULTATI La maggior parte dei genitori riconosce la gravità dell’Anoressia Nervosa e il suo impatto sulla salute psico-fisica. È emersa una conoscenza parziale della malattia, di alcuni fattori di rischio e di alcuni comportamenti associati come il perfezionismo e l’eccessivo esercizio fisico. Una piccola percentuale ritiene possibile che la propria figlia possa sviluppare il disturbo. La prevalenza di madri tra i rispondenti conferma il ruolo più attivo della figura materna nella cura e nell’educazione dei figli. DISCUSSIONE I dati confermano una conoscenza parziale dell’AN da parte dei genitori, che tendono ad avere una visione limitata della malattia. Tale percezione ridotta può ostacolare una richiesta di aiuto tempestiva e un riconoscimento precoce dei sintomi. L’analisi dei risultati, in linea con le evidenze scientifiche disponibili, mette in luce la necessità di potenziare le attività di formazione e sensibilizzazione rivolte ai genitori, al fine di migliorare la loro capacità di individuare i segnali iniziali dei disturbi alimentari. In questo contesto, l’Assistente Sanitario, in collaborazione con la scuola e la comunità, assume un ruolo strategico nel promuovere l’alfabetizzazione sanitaria e nel valorizzare la famiglia come risorsa fondamentale nel percorso di cura, secondo l’approccio multidimensionale promosso dall’OMS.
Attraverso lo sguardo genitoriale: indagine sulla consapevolezza e percezione del rischio di sviluppare l'anoressia nervosa in adolescenza
IANNIELLO, PASQUALINA
2024/2025
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: According to the WHO, nutrition and eating disorders (DNA) represent a growing public health problem due to their prevalence and declining age of onset. They predominantly affect females during adolescence. Among these, Anorexia Nervosa (AN) stands out; it is a complex and multidimensional disorder characterized by the interaction of predisposing, triggering, and maintaining factors. Early identification of symptoms is essential for a favorable prognosis, but is often difficult, as sufferers tend to hide their behaviors. In this context, parents play a crucial role, but may encounter difficulties recognizing the early signs of the disorder. This paper analyzes the perception and level of knowledge of parents of adolescents regarding the main risk factors and typical behaviors of NEDs. The aim of this paper is to identify any information gaps and propose targeted prevention and health promotion interventions, as well as provide appropriate tools for addressing the disorder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A self-written online questionnaire supervised by the speaker was administered to parents of students attending two secondary schools in the municipalities of Pieve di Soligo and Valdobbiadene. We assessed their level of knowledge about anorexia nervosa, their awareness of its symptoms, and associated consequences through specific and targeted questions. RESULTS: Most parents recognize the seriousness of anorexia nervosa and its impact on their mental and physical health. They reported a partial understanding of the disorder, some risk factors, and associated behaviors, such as perfectionism and excessive exercise. A small percentage believed their daughter could develop the disorder. The prevalence of mothers among the respondents confirms the more active role of the mother in caring for and raising her children. DISCUSSION: The data confirms parents' partial knowledge of anorexia nervosa, who tend to have a limited understanding of the disorder. This limited understanding can hinder timely seeking help and early recognition of symptoms. The analysis of the results, consistent with available scientific evidence, highlights the need to strengthen training and awareness-raising activities aimed at parents, in order to improve their ability to identify the early signs of eating disorders. In this context, the Health Assistant, in collaboration with the school and community, plays a strategic role in promoting health literacy and enhancing the family as a fundamental resource in the treatment process, in accordance with the multidimensional approach promoted by the WHO.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/96857