INTRODUCTION: Globally, hypertension is a major cardiovascular risk factor contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Exposure to high altitude can cause blood pressure changes even in healthy individuals, due to reduced oxygen availability and reduced atmospheric pressure. These physiological changes can increase the risk of acute cardiovascular events during mountain hikes, especially in individuals with pre-existing conditions or known risk factors. Understanding how cardiovascular risk factors interact with high altitude exposure is essential to identify effective preventive strategies and ensure hikers' safety. This study aims to analyze the cardiovascular profile of hikers visiting mountain refuges in the province of Belluno, in order to suggest potential health education interventions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During the days dedicated to the prevention of high-altitude hypertension, a questionnaire developed by the Italian Auxological Institute (IRCCS) and the University of Milan-Bicocca was administered to adult hikers attending mountain refuges in the province of Belluno. The questionnaire examined general data, such as age, gender, weight, height, and native language, as well as clinical and behavioral information, including smoking habits, alcohol consumption, and physical activity. The data were analyzed to describe the participants' cardiovascular profile and identify any correlations between risk factors and exposure to high altitude. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Most participants had normal blood pressure values, although some variations related to altitude and the presence of pre-existing medical conditions emerged. Risk factor analysis highlighted that lifestyle behaviors, age, and pre-existing conditions can influence the cardiovascular response to high altitude. CONCLUSIONS: The study results highlight the importance of promoting education and awareness of cardiovascular risks at high altitude. Preventive interventions in mountain huts can help improve the safety and overall health of hikers.
INTRODUZIONE: L’ipertensione arteriosa rappresenta uno dei principali fattori di rischio cardiovascolare a livello globale, contribuendo in modo significativo alla morbilità e alla mortalità. L’esposizione ad alta quota può determinare variazioni pressorie anche in soggetti sani, a causa della minore disponibilità di ossigeno e della ridotta pressione atmosferica. Questi cambiamenti fisiologici possono aumentare il rischio di eventi cardiovascolari acuti durante le escursioni in montagna, soprattutto in persone con patologie preesistenti o con fattori di rischio noti. Comprendere come i fattori di rischio cardiovascolare interagiscano con l’esposizione ad alta quota è fondamentale per individuare strategie preventive efficaci e garantire la sicurezza degli escursionisti. Il presente studio si propone di analizzare il profilo cardiovascolare degli escursionisti frequentanti rifugi in quota nella provincia di Belluno, al fine di suggerire possibili interventi di educazione sanitaria. MATERIALI E METODI: Durante le giornate dedicate alla prevenzione dell’ipertensione arteriosa in quota, è stato somministrato un questionario strutturato dall’Istituto Auxologico Italiano (IRCCS) e dall’Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca agli escursionisti maggiorenni presenti nei rifugi alpini della provincia di Belluno. Il questionario prendeva in esame dati generali, come età, genere, peso, altezza, madrelingua, oltre a informazioni cliniche e comportamentali, tra cui abitudini relative al fumo, al consumo di alcol e all’attività motoria. I dati sono stati analizzati per descrivere il profilo cardiovascolare dei partecipanti e per identificare eventuali correlazioni tra fattori di rischio ed esposizione all’alta quota. RISULTATI E DISCUSSIONE: La maggior parte dei partecipanti ha mostrato valori pressori nella norma, sebbene siano emerse alcune variazioni legate all’altitudine e alla presenza di condizioni cliniche preesistenti. L’analisi dei fattori di rischio ha evidenziato che comportamenti legati allo stile di vita, età e condizioni preesistenti possono influenzare la risposta cardiovascolare all’alta quota. CONCLUSIONI: I risultati dello studio sottolineano l’importanza di promuovere l’educazione e la consapevolezza sui rischi cardiovascolari in alta quota. Interventi di prevenzione nei rifugi alpini possono contribuire a migliorare la sicurezza e la salute generale degli escursionisti.
Rifugi in quota e rischio cardiovascolare: indagine trasversale nella provincia di Belluno.
SANDRI, KRISTEL
2024/2025
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Globally, hypertension is a major cardiovascular risk factor contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Exposure to high altitude can cause blood pressure changes even in healthy individuals, due to reduced oxygen availability and reduced atmospheric pressure. These physiological changes can increase the risk of acute cardiovascular events during mountain hikes, especially in individuals with pre-existing conditions or known risk factors. Understanding how cardiovascular risk factors interact with high altitude exposure is essential to identify effective preventive strategies and ensure hikers' safety. This study aims to analyze the cardiovascular profile of hikers visiting mountain refuges in the province of Belluno, in order to suggest potential health education interventions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During the days dedicated to the prevention of high-altitude hypertension, a questionnaire developed by the Italian Auxological Institute (IRCCS) and the University of Milan-Bicocca was administered to adult hikers attending mountain refuges in the province of Belluno. The questionnaire examined general data, such as age, gender, weight, height, and native language, as well as clinical and behavioral information, including smoking habits, alcohol consumption, and physical activity. The data were analyzed to describe the participants' cardiovascular profile and identify any correlations between risk factors and exposure to high altitude. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Most participants had normal blood pressure values, although some variations related to altitude and the presence of pre-existing medical conditions emerged. Risk factor analysis highlighted that lifestyle behaviors, age, and pre-existing conditions can influence the cardiovascular response to high altitude. CONCLUSIONS: The study results highlight the importance of promoting education and awareness of cardiovascular risks at high altitude. Preventive interventions in mountain huts can help improve the safety and overall health of hikers.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/96861