PROBLEM: The body care of patients in a state of unconsciousness in the Intensive Care Unit represents a necessary clinical act, which assumes a highly symbolic value for family members involved in this experience, where the relationship with their loved one is interrupted and the nurse becomes the interpreter of every minimal signal. This has a direct impact on the level of trust perceived by the family towards the care team, even though the dimension of this phenomenon remains still scarcely explored in the literature. AIM: The aim of this review is to analyze how hygiene and body care practices for unconscious patients contribute to the construction and maintenance of family members’ trust in healthcare professionals. SAMPLE: The sample consists of family members of adult patients in a state of unconsciousness admitted to the Intensive Care Unit and nurses directly involved in the care process. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A narrative literature review was conducted, selecting studies through academic databases (PubMed, CINAHL) and the Google Scholar search engine, with inclusion criteria referring to unconscious patients in the Intensive Care Unit and the trust relationship as perceived by family members. International scientific articles published in recent years were examined, focusing particularly on the relationship and involvement of family members in the care setting. After a careful analysis, seven articles were selected and compared. RESULTS: The studies highlight that family trust does not arise from isolated actions but is progressively built through the quality of daily care. Hygiene practices and attention to the patient’s body, when accompanied by clear communication, consistency of attitudes, and a well-kept environment, become indicators of competence and humanity. Individual and contextual variables (family role, length of stay, care setting) modulate the perception of trust. CONCLUSIONS: The body care of unconscious patients emerges as a complete and layered process, in which clinical skills, communication, attention to the environment, and the possibility of involving family members are constantly interwoven with a caregiving language that, beyond ensuring comfort and dignity, strengthens the bond of trust, an invisible but fundamental element, that family members build day by day while observing the work of the care team. Such trust, understood as a care outcome, is useful in reducing conflicts, facilitating shared decision-making, and improving the quality of Intensive Care Unit assistance. Keywords: Intensive Care Unit; unconscious patient; trust; relatives; nursing care.
PROBLEMA: La cura del corpo dei pazienti in stato di non coscienza in Terapia Intensiva rappresenta un atto clinico necessario, che assume un valore simbolico molto elevato per i familiari coinvolti in questa esperienza, dove la relazione con il proprio caro è interrotta e l’infermiere diventa l’interprete di ogni minimo segnale. Questo comporta una ricaduta diretta sul livello di fiducia che il familiare percepisce nei confronti dell’équipe curante, anche se la dimensione del fenomeno risulta tutt’ora poco esplorata in letteratura. SCOPO: Lo scopo di questa revisione è quello di analizzare come le pratiche di igiene e di assistenza al corpo del paziente incosciente contribuiscano alla costruzione ed al mantenimento della fiducia dei familiari verso i professionisti sanitari. CAMPIONE: Il campione è rappresentato da familiari di pazienti adulti in stato di non coscienza ricoverati in Terapia Intensiva e da infermieri che attuano il processo assistenziale diretto. MATERIALE E METODI: È stata condotta una revisione narrativa della letteratura, selezionando studi attraverso banche dati accademiche (PubMed, CINHAL) ed il motore di ricerca Google Scholar con criteri di inclusione riferiti a pazienti incoscienti in Terapia Intensiva ed al rapporto di fiducia percepito dai familiari. Sono stati presi in esame articoli scientifici internazionali pubblicati negli ultimi anni, riguardanti in particolare la relazione ed il coinvolgimento dei familiari nel setting assistenziale. Dopo una attenta analisi, sono stati selezionati e comparati n.7 articoli. RISULTATI: Gli studi evidenziano che la fiducia dei familiari non nasce da atti isolati, ma si costruisce progressivamente attraverso la qualità delle cure quotidiane. Le pratiche di igiene e l’attenzione al corpo del paziente, se accompagnate da comunicazione chiara, coerenza di atteggiamenti ed una ambiente curato, diventano indicatori di competenza ed umanità. Variabili individuali e contestuali (ruolo familiare, durata del ricovero, setting assistenziale) modulano la percezione della fiducia. CONCLUSIONI: La cura del corpo del paziente incosciente si configura come un processo completo e stratificato, nel quale competenze cliniche, comunicazione, attenzione all’ambiente e possibilità di coinvolgere i familiari si intrecciano costantemente con un linguaggio assistenziale che, oltre a garantire comfort e dignità, rafforza il legame di fiducia, elemento invisibile ma fondamentale, che i familiari costruiscono giorno dopo giorno osservando l’operato dell’équipe curante. Tale fiducia, intesa come esito assistenziale, è utile per ridurre conflitti, facilitare decisioni condivise e qualificare l’assistenza in Terapia Intensiva. Parole chiave: Terapia Intensiva; paziente incosciente; fiducia; familiari; assistenza infermieristica. Key words: Intensive Care Unit; unconscious patient; trust; relatives; nursing care.
Oltre la tecnica: costruire alleanza e fiducia con il familiare del paziente non cosciente in Terapia Intensiva attraverso la cura del corpo
BENICI, ELENA
2024/2025
Abstract
PROBLEM: The body care of patients in a state of unconsciousness in the Intensive Care Unit represents a necessary clinical act, which assumes a highly symbolic value for family members involved in this experience, where the relationship with their loved one is interrupted and the nurse becomes the interpreter of every minimal signal. This has a direct impact on the level of trust perceived by the family towards the care team, even though the dimension of this phenomenon remains still scarcely explored in the literature. AIM: The aim of this review is to analyze how hygiene and body care practices for unconscious patients contribute to the construction and maintenance of family members’ trust in healthcare professionals. SAMPLE: The sample consists of family members of adult patients in a state of unconsciousness admitted to the Intensive Care Unit and nurses directly involved in the care process. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A narrative literature review was conducted, selecting studies through academic databases (PubMed, CINAHL) and the Google Scholar search engine, with inclusion criteria referring to unconscious patients in the Intensive Care Unit and the trust relationship as perceived by family members. International scientific articles published in recent years were examined, focusing particularly on the relationship and involvement of family members in the care setting. After a careful analysis, seven articles were selected and compared. RESULTS: The studies highlight that family trust does not arise from isolated actions but is progressively built through the quality of daily care. Hygiene practices and attention to the patient’s body, when accompanied by clear communication, consistency of attitudes, and a well-kept environment, become indicators of competence and humanity. Individual and contextual variables (family role, length of stay, care setting) modulate the perception of trust. CONCLUSIONS: The body care of unconscious patients emerges as a complete and layered process, in which clinical skills, communication, attention to the environment, and the possibility of involving family members are constantly interwoven with a caregiving language that, beyond ensuring comfort and dignity, strengthens the bond of trust, an invisible but fundamental element, that family members build day by day while observing the work of the care team. Such trust, understood as a care outcome, is useful in reducing conflicts, facilitating shared decision-making, and improving the quality of Intensive Care Unit assistance. Keywords: Intensive Care Unit; unconscious patient; trust; relatives; nursing care.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/97260