Introduction: Dementia is a growing public health priority. The use of physical restraints persists despite weak evidence of effectiveness and substantial risks. From a least-restraint, person-centered perspective, this work examines dementia-friendly prosthetic environments and assistive technologies. Objective: To assess, through a literature review, the effectiveness and implementability of prosthetic environments and assistive technologies as alternatives to physical restraints for people with dementia, and their impact on restraint use, falls, behavioral symptoms, agitation, quality of life, and staff safety. Methods: A literature review was conducted by consulting the PubMed and CINAHL databases for the period 2015–2025. Results: Eighteen articles were selected: 11 reviews (4 systematic reviews without meta-analysis, 4 systematic reviews with meta-analysis, 2 scoping reviews, and 1 narrative review); 3 observational studies; 2 experimental studies; 1 mixed-methods study; and 1 quantitative modeling study. Conclusions: Combining evidence-based design and proportionate technologies, the integrated approach can reduce the use of physical restraints and improve safety and quality of life within a person-centered model of care. This transition requires cultural, organizational, and educational changes, with particular attention to supporting the recovery of patients’ independence, while ensuring appropriate governance, ongoing training, and the involvement of patients, families, and multidisciplinary teams. Keywords: Cognitive Stimulation Therapy; Dementia; Music Therapy; Doll Therapy; cognition; behavior; wandering; GPS; Real-Time Location Systems; Robotics; anxiety; agitation; vision-based; Physical Restraints; Nursing Homes; Special Care Unit; Dementia-Friendly; falls; Alzheimer’s Disease; Functional Therapy; Personalized Medicine; Person-Centered Care; behavioral symptoms; Assistive Technology.
Introduzione: La demenza è una priorità crescente per la sanità pubblica. L’uso delle contenzioni fisiche persiste nonostante prove di efficacia deboli e rischi rilevanti. In un’ottica di minore uso di restrizioni e di cura centrata sulla persona, questo lavoro esamina ambienti protesici a misura di demenza e tecnologie assistive. Obiettivo: Valutare, tramite revisione della letteratura, l’efficacia e l’implementabilità di ambienti protesici e tecnologie assistive come alternative alle contenzioni fisiche nelle persone con demenza, con impatto su uso di contenzioni, cadute, sintomi comportamentali, agitazione, qualità di vita e sicurezza degli operatori. Metodi: È stata redatta una revisione della letteratura mediante consultazione delle banche dati scientifiche PubMed e CINAHL per il periodo dal 2015 al 2025. Risultati: Sono stati selezionati 18 articoli: 11 revisioni della letteratura (4 revisioni sistematiche senza meta-analisi, 4 revisioni sistematiche con meta-analisi, 2 scoping review e 1 revisione narrativa) 3 studi osservazionali; 2 studi sperimentali; 1 studio a metodi misti; 1 studio quantitativo di modellizzazione. Conclusioni: Combinando un design evidence-based e tecnologie proporzionate, l’approccio integrato può ridurre il ricorso alle contenzioni fisiche e migliorare sicurezza e qualità di vita, all’interno di un modello di cura centrato sulla persona. Questa transizione richiede cambiamenti culturali, organizzativi e formativi, con particolare attenzione a favorire il recupero dell’autonomia del paziente, tenendo conto di governance, formazione continua e del coinvolgimento di pazienti, familiari ed équipe multiprofessionali. Parole chiave: Terapia di Stimolazione Cognitiva; Demenza; Musicoterapia; Terapia della Bambola; cognizione; comportamento; Vagabondaggio; GPS; Sistemi di localizzazione in tempo reale; Robot; ansia; agitazione; basato sulla visione; Restrizioni fisiche; Case di cura; Unità di cura speciale; A misura di demenza; cadute; Malattia di Alzheimer; Terapia funzionale; Medicina personalizzata; Cura centrata sulla persona; sintomi comportamentali; Tecnologie assistive.
Ambienti protesici e tecnologie assistive come alternativa alle contenzioni fisiche nei pazienti con demenza. Una revisione della letteratura.
BETTINI, FEDERICO
2024/2025
Abstract
Introduction: Dementia is a growing public health priority. The use of physical restraints persists despite weak evidence of effectiveness and substantial risks. From a least-restraint, person-centered perspective, this work examines dementia-friendly prosthetic environments and assistive technologies. Objective: To assess, through a literature review, the effectiveness and implementability of prosthetic environments and assistive technologies as alternatives to physical restraints for people with dementia, and their impact on restraint use, falls, behavioral symptoms, agitation, quality of life, and staff safety. Methods: A literature review was conducted by consulting the PubMed and CINAHL databases for the period 2015–2025. Results: Eighteen articles were selected: 11 reviews (4 systematic reviews without meta-analysis, 4 systematic reviews with meta-analysis, 2 scoping reviews, and 1 narrative review); 3 observational studies; 2 experimental studies; 1 mixed-methods study; and 1 quantitative modeling study. Conclusions: Combining evidence-based design and proportionate technologies, the integrated approach can reduce the use of physical restraints and improve safety and quality of life within a person-centered model of care. This transition requires cultural, organizational, and educational changes, with particular attention to supporting the recovery of patients’ independence, while ensuring appropriate governance, ongoing training, and the involvement of patients, families, and multidisciplinary teams. Keywords: Cognitive Stimulation Therapy; Dementia; Music Therapy; Doll Therapy; cognition; behavior; wandering; GPS; Real-Time Location Systems; Robotics; anxiety; agitation; vision-based; Physical Restraints; Nursing Homes; Special Care Unit; Dementia-Friendly; falls; Alzheimer’s Disease; Functional Therapy; Personalized Medicine; Person-Centered Care; behavioral symptoms; Assistive Technology.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/97267