Background: Blood component transfusion is a highly delicate procedure, governed by strict and detailed guidelines that standardize the process to reduce errors. ABO transfusion errors can cause serious transfusion reactions and, therefore, are among the most significant risks associated with transfusion. Most errors are caused by human factors, especially the lack of attention on the part of operators. Every stage of the transfusion process is prone to error. Objective: The aim of this paper is to investigate the literature on the most common errors committed by nurses during the transfusion process. Materials and methods: The literature review was conducted by analyzing the four elements of the PICO. PubMed was consulted to identify relevant articles. The keywords chosen for the search were: blood transfusion errors, patient identification, ICU, nursing, guidelines. Results and conclusions: The literature shows that the most critical phase of the transfusion process is the pre-analytical phase (98.8%). The remaining 1.2% comprises the analytical and post-analytical phases. The pre-analytical phase is the one most exposed to adverse events: active patient identification is a crucial step in ensuring a safe transfusion, along with compliant tube labeling. In Italy, the transfusion process is adequately regulated by a set of directives and guidelines that ensure its safe execution. Despite this, the human factor, identified as the main cause of errors during the transfusion of blood and blood products, cannot be completely eliminated. It is therefore essential to focus efforts on implementing preventive strategies, ongoing training for healthcare professionals, and adopting effective control and monitoring systems to minimize the likelihood of errors and ensure maximum patient protection. In the specific context of Intensive Care, the holistic model of Open Intensive Care, which involves the caregiver in the patient's clinical care process, is of fundamental importance. The power of nursing care lies in the empathetic aspect underlying Open Intensive Care, which considers the bond between nurse, patient, and family member to be inseparable.
Background: La trasfusione di emocomponenti è una procedura molto delicata, dettata da Linee Guida rigide e dettagliate che rendono il processo standardizzato, in modo tale da ridurre l’errore. L’errore trasfusionale ABO può essere causa di una grave reazione trasfusionale e, quindi, è uno dei più importanti rischi legati alla trasfusione. La maggior parte degli errori dipendono dal fattore umano e, soprattutto, dal basso livello di attenzione degli operatori. Ogni fase del processo trasfusionale è prona all’errore. Obiettivo: L’obiettivo dell’elaborato è indagare in letteratura gli errori più comuni commessi a livello infermieristico durante il processo trasfusionale. Materiali e metodi: la revisione di letteratura è stata condotta analizzando i quattro elementi costituenti il PICO. Per l’individuazione degli articoli pertinenti è stato consultato, come database, Pubmed. Le parole chiave scelte per condurre la ricerca sono state: blood transfusion errors, patient identification, ICU, nursing, guidelines. Risultati e conclusioni: Dalla letteratura emerge che la fase più critica del processo trasfusionale è quella preanalitica (98,8%). Il restante 1,2 % comprende la fase analitica e post analitica. La fase preanalitica è quella più esposta agli eventi avversi: l’identificazione attiva del paziente è un passaggio cruciale nel fare in modo che la trasfusione avvenga in sicurezza, insieme all’etichettatura conforme delle provette. In Italia, il processo trasfusionale risulta adeguatamente regolamentato da un insieme di direttive e linee guida che ne assicurano l’esecuzione in sicurezza. Nonostante questo, il fattore umano, individuato come principale causa di errore durante la trasfusione di sangue ed emoderivati, non può essere completamente eliminato. Appare, quindi, fondamentale orientare gli sforzi verso un’implementazione di strategie preventive, la formazione continua degli operatori sanitari e l’adozione di sistemi di controllo e di monitoraggio efficaci, al fine di ridurre al minimo la probabilità di errore e garantire la massima tutela del paziente. Nel contesto specifico della Terapia Intensiva, di fondamentale importanza risulta essere il modello olistico della Rianimazione Aperta che prevede il coinvolgimento del caregiver nel processo di cura clinico-assistenziale del paziente. La potenza dell’assistenza infermieristica è racchiusa nell’aspetto empatico alla base della Terapia Intensiva Aperta che considera inscindibile il legame tra infermiere, paziente e familiare.
Analisi degli errori infermieristici durante il processo trasfusionale: una revisione della letteratura.
BORTOLOTTI, LETIZIA
2024/2025
Abstract
Background: Blood component transfusion is a highly delicate procedure, governed by strict and detailed guidelines that standardize the process to reduce errors. ABO transfusion errors can cause serious transfusion reactions and, therefore, are among the most significant risks associated with transfusion. Most errors are caused by human factors, especially the lack of attention on the part of operators. Every stage of the transfusion process is prone to error. Objective: The aim of this paper is to investigate the literature on the most common errors committed by nurses during the transfusion process. Materials and methods: The literature review was conducted by analyzing the four elements of the PICO. PubMed was consulted to identify relevant articles. The keywords chosen for the search were: blood transfusion errors, patient identification, ICU, nursing, guidelines. Results and conclusions: The literature shows that the most critical phase of the transfusion process is the pre-analytical phase (98.8%). The remaining 1.2% comprises the analytical and post-analytical phases. The pre-analytical phase is the one most exposed to adverse events: active patient identification is a crucial step in ensuring a safe transfusion, along with compliant tube labeling. In Italy, the transfusion process is adequately regulated by a set of directives and guidelines that ensure its safe execution. Despite this, the human factor, identified as the main cause of errors during the transfusion of blood and blood products, cannot be completely eliminated. It is therefore essential to focus efforts on implementing preventive strategies, ongoing training for healthcare professionals, and adopting effective control and monitoring systems to minimize the likelihood of errors and ensure maximum patient protection. In the specific context of Intensive Care, the holistic model of Open Intensive Care, which involves the caregiver in the patient's clinical care process, is of fundamental importance. The power of nursing care lies in the empathetic aspect underlying Open Intensive Care, which considers the bond between nurse, patient, and family member to be inseparable.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/97279