Background The hypokinetic syndrome represents a condition of great clinical and care relevance, particularly widespread among hospitalized elderly patients, in whom prolonged inactivity determines a progressive functional decline and a significant impairment of autonomy¹. The consequences of such a condition extend even after discharge, when the frail patient faces a rehabilitative path, often conditioned by motor limitations², reduced adherence to the therapeutic plan³, and a high risk of rehospitalization⁴. In this scenario, the caregiver assumes a central role as a figure of support and mediation, but his/her effectiveness is linked to the level of training and support received⁵. Objective Research the literature for the best evidence on the role of the caregiver in promoting the functional recovery of a person with hypokinetic syndrome and on the educational role of the nurse towards the caregiver. Materials and methods A literature review was conducted using the PubMed database. Discussion From the analysis, three fundamental aspects emerge. The competencies of the caregiver appear as multidimensional, including practical skills⁶, communication abilities⁷, organizational and educational competencies⁸. The role of the nurse proves to be fundamental in the transmission and consolidation of such competencies⁹, acting as facilitator and guide of the caregiver¹⁰. The lack of adequate training exposes the patient to a high risk of geriatric complications (falls, malnutrition, sarcopenia, pressure ulcers)¹, with consequent increase in rehospitalizations⁴ and a negative impact also on the psychological and social well-being of the caregiver him/herself¹¹. Conclusions The review confirms the caregiver as an irreplaceable resource in the management of the hypokinetic patient³, but his/her effectiveness largely depends on the educational support received¹². The nurse must promote training paths, integrating digital tools and support networks¹³. The adoption of shared guidelines and the implementation of programs for caregivers are fundamental strategies to ensure safe and person-centered care²². Keywords caregiver, hypokinetic syndrome, physical deconditioning syndrome, caregiver education, inadequate care.
Background La sindrome ipocinetica rappresenta una condizione di grande rilevanza clinica e assistenziale, essa è ampiamente diffusa tra i pazienti anziani ospedalizzati, nei quali la prolungata inattività determina un progressivo declino funzionale e una compromissione significativa dell’autonomia1. Le conseguenze di tale quadro si protraggono anche dopo la dimissione, quando il paziente fragile si trova ad affrontare un percorso riabilitativo, spesso condizionato da limitazioni motorie2, ridotta adesione al piano terapeutico3 con un conseguente elevato rischio di riospedalizzazione4. In questo scenario, il caregiver assume un ruolo centrale come figura di sostegno e di mediazione, ma la sua efficacia è legata al livello di formazione e supporto ricevuto5. Obiettivo Ricercare in letteratura le migliori evidenze sul ruolo del caregiver nel favorire il recupero funzionale di una persona con sindrome ipocinetica e sulla funzione educativa dell’infermiere nei confronti del caregiver. Materiali e metodi È stata condotta una revisione di letteratura mediante l’utilizzo della banca dati PubMed. Discussione Dall’analisi emergono tre aspetti fondamentali. Le competenze del caregiver si configurano come multidimensionali, comprendendo abilità pratiche6, capacità comunicative7, competenze organizzative e formative8. Il ruolo dell’infermiere risulta essere fondamentale nella trasmissione e nel consolidamento di tali competenze9, ponendosi come facilitatore e guida del caregiver10. La mancanza di una formazione adeguata espone il paziente a un rischio elevato di complicanze geriatriche (cadute, malnutrizione, sarcopenia, ulcere da pressione)1, con conseguente aumento delle riospedalizzazioni4 e un impatto negativo anche sul benessere psicologico e sociale del caregiver stesso11. Conclusioni La revisione conferma il caregiver come risorsa insostituibile nella gestione del paziente ipocinetico3, ma la sua efficacia dipende in larga misura dal supporto educativo ricevuto12. L’infermiere deve promuovere percorsi formativi, integrando strumenti digitali e reti di sostegno13. L’adozione di linee guida condivise e l’implementazione di programmi per caregiver sono strategie fondamentali per garantire un’assistenza sicura e centrata sulla persona²². Parole chiave caregiver, sindrome ipocinetica, sindrome da decondizionamento fisico, educazione del caregiver, assistenza inadeguata.
"Supporto educativo al caregiver nella gestione della sindrome ipocinetica in post degenza": Una revisione di letteratura
CIRIPAN, ANDREI
2024/2025
Abstract
Background The hypokinetic syndrome represents a condition of great clinical and care relevance, particularly widespread among hospitalized elderly patients, in whom prolonged inactivity determines a progressive functional decline and a significant impairment of autonomy¹. The consequences of such a condition extend even after discharge, when the frail patient faces a rehabilitative path, often conditioned by motor limitations², reduced adherence to the therapeutic plan³, and a high risk of rehospitalization⁴. In this scenario, the caregiver assumes a central role as a figure of support and mediation, but his/her effectiveness is linked to the level of training and support received⁵. Objective Research the literature for the best evidence on the role of the caregiver in promoting the functional recovery of a person with hypokinetic syndrome and on the educational role of the nurse towards the caregiver. Materials and methods A literature review was conducted using the PubMed database. Discussion From the analysis, three fundamental aspects emerge. The competencies of the caregiver appear as multidimensional, including practical skills⁶, communication abilities⁷, organizational and educational competencies⁸. The role of the nurse proves to be fundamental in the transmission and consolidation of such competencies⁹, acting as facilitator and guide of the caregiver¹⁰. The lack of adequate training exposes the patient to a high risk of geriatric complications (falls, malnutrition, sarcopenia, pressure ulcers)¹, with consequent increase in rehospitalizations⁴ and a negative impact also on the psychological and social well-being of the caregiver him/herself¹¹. Conclusions The review confirms the caregiver as an irreplaceable resource in the management of the hypokinetic patient³, but his/her effectiveness largely depends on the educational support received¹². The nurse must promote training paths, integrating digital tools and support networks¹³. The adoption of shared guidelines and the implementation of programs for caregivers are fundamental strategies to ensure safe and person-centered care²². Keywords caregiver, hypokinetic syndrome, physical deconditioning syndrome, caregiver education, inadequate care.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/97316