This review aims to ascertain how the care of patients affected by Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is managed at the international level, with particular attention to the early introduction of patients to Palliative Care as a tool to improve quality of life and provide support to caregivers. It also explores the most appropriate timing and the most effective strategies to ensure that patients’ wishes are respected, including at the end of life, through the proper implementation of Advance Care Planning (ACP) and Advance Directives. A literature review was conducted by consulting the PubMed database, publications of the Palliative Care Federation, and the Italian ALS Association (AISLA), setting a 15-year time limit for the three research questions. For the first question, five articles were selected (3 reviews, 1 observational study, and 2 qualitative studies); for the second question, five articles were selected (4 reviews and 1 qualitative study); for the third question, four articles were selected (2 qualitative studies, 1 exploratory study, and 1 observational study). Findings indicate that the most effective care model for managing ALS is an early, integrated, multidisciplinary approach, capable of providing comprehensive and continuous care, improving quality of life, and reducing caregiver burden. The timely introduction of Palliative Care is confirmed as fundamental to ensuring person-centered care that respects patients’ wishes, while also addressing symptom management and providing psychological and social support. Advance Care Planning (ACP) and Advance Directives also prove to be essential tools for safeguarding patients’ wishes, especially when introduced from the early stages of the disease, within an empathetic and personalized communication framework.
Questa revisione si propone di accertare in che modalità avviene la presa in carico dei pazienti affetti da Sclerosi Laterale Amiotrofica (SLA) a livello internazionale, con particolare attenzione all’introduzione precoce del paziente alle Cure Palliative come strumento per migliorare la qualità di vita e il supporto ai caregiver. Indaga inoltre, il momento più opportuno e le strategie più efficaci per garantire il rispetto delle volontà del paziente anche nel fine vita, attraverso una corretta implementazione della Pianificazione Condivisa delle Cure (PCC) e delle Disposizioni Anticipate di Trattamento (DAT). È stata redatta una revisione della letteratura mediante consultazione del database Pubmed, pubblicazioni della Federazione Cure Palliative e dell’Associazione Italiana SLA (AISLA), inserendo un limite temporale di 15 anni per i 3 quesiti di ricerca. Per il 1° quesito sono stati selezionati cinque articoli (3 revisioni, 1 studio osservazionale e 2 studi qualitativi); per il 2° quesito sono stati selezionati cinque articoli (4 revisioni e 1 studio qualitativo); per il 3° quesito sono stati selezionati quattro articoli (2 studi qualitativi, 1 studio esplorativo e 1 studio osservazionale). È emerso che il modello assistenziale più efficace per la gestione della SLA è quello multidisciplinare, precoce e integrato, capace di garantire una presa in carico globale e continuativa, migliorando la qualità di vita e riducendo il carico sui caregiver. L’introduzione tempestiva delle Cure Palliative si conferma fondamentale per garantire un’assistenza centrata sulla persona e rispettosa delle volontà del paziente, oltre che per il controllo dei sintomi e sostegno psicologico e sociale. La pianificazione condivisa delle cure (PCC) e le disposizioni anticipate di trattamento (DAT) risultano anch’essi strumenti essenziali per assicurare il rispetto delle volontà del paziente, soprattutto se introdotti già dalle prime fasi della malattia, in un contesto comunicativo empatico e personalizzato.
SLA e Cure Palliative: strategie di presa in carico e Pianificazione Condivisa delle Cure
EVANGELISTA, ALESSIA
2024/2025
Abstract
This review aims to ascertain how the care of patients affected by Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is managed at the international level, with particular attention to the early introduction of patients to Palliative Care as a tool to improve quality of life and provide support to caregivers. It also explores the most appropriate timing and the most effective strategies to ensure that patients’ wishes are respected, including at the end of life, through the proper implementation of Advance Care Planning (ACP) and Advance Directives. A literature review was conducted by consulting the PubMed database, publications of the Palliative Care Federation, and the Italian ALS Association (AISLA), setting a 15-year time limit for the three research questions. For the first question, five articles were selected (3 reviews, 1 observational study, and 2 qualitative studies); for the second question, five articles were selected (4 reviews and 1 qualitative study); for the third question, four articles were selected (2 qualitative studies, 1 exploratory study, and 1 observational study). Findings indicate that the most effective care model for managing ALS is an early, integrated, multidisciplinary approach, capable of providing comprehensive and continuous care, improving quality of life, and reducing caregiver burden. The timely introduction of Palliative Care is confirmed as fundamental to ensuring person-centered care that respects patients’ wishes, while also addressing symptom management and providing psychological and social support. Advance Care Planning (ACP) and Advance Directives also prove to be essential tools for safeguarding patients’ wishes, especially when introduced from the early stages of the disease, within an empathetic and personalized communication framework.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/97338