Liver cirrhosis is a chronic and irreversible pathology characterized by the replacement of normal liver tissue with fibrotic tissue which, by altering the structure of the liver, determines a condition of functional insufficiency. It represents the terminal stage of many chronic liver diseases and constitutes, globally, one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality. According to epidemiological data, the most frequent etiologies include chronic alcohol abuse, viral hepatitis B and C, metabolic and autoimmune diseases. A study conducted in Veneto in 2025 by the University of Padua showed how, in recent decades, the prevalence of chronic liver diseases (CLD) and cirrhosis has remained stable, with approximately 40,000 patients suffering from CLD and 10,000 with cirrhosis, while annual hospitalizations for complications exceed 19,000 units, with health costs significantly higher than other chronic pathologies with a high incidence. One of the most relevant complications is ascites, which has a significant impact on both prognosis and quality of life. The therapeutic management of cirrhosis is based on traditional approaches (such as paracentesis, TIPS, albumin, and beta-blockers), but, in recent years, innovative strategies have been introduced such as regenerative cell therapies, which aim to promote liver regeneration and improve liver function. The nurse plays a central role in ensuring clinical care, monitoring, prevention of complications, therapeutic education and psychosocial support, helping to improve adherence to care and clinical outcomes. The paper aims to analyze the complications of ascites in the cirrhotic patient and to deepen the role of the nurse in the management of the patient undergoing traditional therapies and new cellular approaches. To this end, a review of the scientific literature was conducted consulting the Pubmed database, which allowed to characterize the nursing intervention in the care, care of the patient and his family, as well as in the care and therapeutic education provided by the nurse, both in the hospital and home settings, with the aim of contributing to improve adherence to care and the patient's quality of life.
La cirrosi epatica è una patologia cronica ed irreversibile caratterizzata dalla sostituzione del tessuto epatico normale con tessuto fibrotico che, alterando la struttura del fegato, ne determina una condizione di insufficienza funzionale. Rappresenta lo stadio terminale di molte malattie croniche epatiche e costituisce, a livello globale, una delle principali cause di morbilità e mortalità. Secondo i dati epidemiologici, le eziologie più frequenti comprendono l’abuso cronico di alcol, le epatiti virali B e C, le malattie metaboliche e quelle autoimmuni. Uno studio condotto in Veneto nel 2025 dall’Università di Padova ha evidenziato come, negli ultimi decenni, la prevalenza delle malattie croniche del fegato (CLD) e della cirrosi si sia mantenuta stabile, con circa 40.000 pazienti affetti da CLD e 10.000 con cirrosi, mentre i ricoveri annuali per complicanze superano le 19.000 unità, con costi sanitari significativamente superiori rispetto ad altre patologie croniche ad elevata incidenza. Una delle complicanze più rilevanti è l’ascite, che ha un impatto significativo sia sulla prognosi che sulla qualità di vita. La gestione terapeutica della cirrosi si basa su approcci tradizionali (come paracentesi, TIPS, albumina, e beta-bloccanti), ma, negli ultimi anni, sono state introdotte strategie innovative come le terapie cellulari rigenerative, che mirano a favorire la rigenerazione epatica e a migliorare la funzione del fegato. L’infermiere riveste un ruolo centrale nel garantire assistenza clinica, monitoraggio, prevenzione delle complicanze, educazione terapeutica e supporto psicosociale, contribuendo a migliorare l’aderenza alle cure e gli esiti clinici. L’elaborato si propone di analizzare le complicanze dell’ascite nel paziente cirrotico e di approfondire il ruolo dell’infermiere nella gestione del paziente sottoposto a terapie tradizionali e a nuovi approcci cellulari. A tale fine, è stata condotta una revisione della letteratura scientifica consultando la banca dati Pubmed, che ha permesso di caratterizzare l’intervento infermieristico nella cura, nella presa in carico del paziente e della sua famiglia, nonché nell’assistenza e nell’educazione terapeutica fornite dall’infermiere, sia in ambito ospedaliero che domiciliare, con l’obiettivo di contribuire a migliorare l’aderenza alle cure e la qualità di vita del paziente.
Terapia cellulare e trattamento dell'ascite nel paziente cirrotico: aspetti clinici ed infermieristici.
FRAZZETTO, SILVIA
2024/2025
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is a chronic and irreversible pathology characterized by the replacement of normal liver tissue with fibrotic tissue which, by altering the structure of the liver, determines a condition of functional insufficiency. It represents the terminal stage of many chronic liver diseases and constitutes, globally, one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality. According to epidemiological data, the most frequent etiologies include chronic alcohol abuse, viral hepatitis B and C, metabolic and autoimmune diseases. A study conducted in Veneto in 2025 by the University of Padua showed how, in recent decades, the prevalence of chronic liver diseases (CLD) and cirrhosis has remained stable, with approximately 40,000 patients suffering from CLD and 10,000 with cirrhosis, while annual hospitalizations for complications exceed 19,000 units, with health costs significantly higher than other chronic pathologies with a high incidence. One of the most relevant complications is ascites, which has a significant impact on both prognosis and quality of life. The therapeutic management of cirrhosis is based on traditional approaches (such as paracentesis, TIPS, albumin, and beta-blockers), but, in recent years, innovative strategies have been introduced such as regenerative cell therapies, which aim to promote liver regeneration and improve liver function. The nurse plays a central role in ensuring clinical care, monitoring, prevention of complications, therapeutic education and psychosocial support, helping to improve adherence to care and clinical outcomes. The paper aims to analyze the complications of ascites in the cirrhotic patient and to deepen the role of the nurse in the management of the patient undergoing traditional therapies and new cellular approaches. To this end, a review of the scientific literature was conducted consulting the Pubmed database, which allowed to characterize the nursing intervention in the care, care of the patient and his family, as well as in the care and therapeutic education provided by the nurse, both in the hospital and home settings, with the aim of contributing to improve adherence to care and the patient's quality of life.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/97352