Abstract Problem:Hemorrhagic shock represents one of the main time-dependent emergencies in both pre-hospital and hospital settings and is among the most frequent causes of preventable death in polytrauma patients. International literature highlights how early transfusion of blood components can improve survival, reduce complications, and anticipate the hemodynamic stabilization of patients.As early as the first decades of the 20th century, in military settings, reports emerged of the first field transfusion techniques and of the understanding of early blood volume replacement as a means to improve the survival of wounded soldiers. These experiences laid the foundation for current strategies in the management of massive hemorrhage, particularly in the civilian pre-hospital environment.Within this context, the Blood on Board (BoB) project was developed, which provides for the possibility of administering blood component transfusions directly at the site of the event or during transport by helicopter emergency medical services and advanced emergency vehicles. Objective:The aim of this thesis is to analyze, through a literature review, the management of pre-hospital transfusions, examining the training, organizational aspects, and clinical impact required for this procedure to be applied effectively. Materials and Methods:The literature review was conducted through searches in international databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Elsevier) using specific keywords. The inclusion criteria comprised texts in Italian and English published between 2015 and 2025, while exclusion criteria included pediatric studies and publications prior to 2015. In addition, manuals and compendia of internal medicine, traumatology, and critical care were consulted to support the clinical aspects of the phenomenon. Results:Ten studies were selected as being of greatest relevance for the thesis. From their analysis, it was possible to identify the benefits associated with the application of this procedure, not only from an international perspective but also, albeit still underexplored, within the Italian setting. Conclusion:Pre-hospital blood transfusion on board emergency vehicles is proving to be an effective method for delivering timely and optimal care to critically ill patients. This practice has been shown not only to improve survival but also to contribute to better overall patient prognosis.
Abstract Problema: lo shock emorragico rappresenta una delle principali emergenze tempo – dipendenti in ambito preospedaliero e ospedaliero, inserendosi come tra le frequenti cause di morte evitabile nei pazienti politraumatizzati. La letteratura internazionale evidenzia come la trasfusione precoce di emocomponenti possa migliorare la sopravvivenza, ridurre le complicanze e anticipare la stabilizzazione emodinamica dei pazienti. Già a partire nei primi decenni del ‘900, in ambito militare, si hanno notizie delle prime tecniche di trasfusioni sul campo e della comprensione del reintegro volemico precoce come mezzo per migliorare la sopravvivenza dei soldati feriti. Queste esperienze hanno posto le fondamenta per le attuali strategie per la gestione delle emorragie massive, in particolare in ambito civile pre-ospedaliero. In tale contesto si inserisce il progetto Blood on Board (BoB), che prevede la possibilità di effettuare trasfusioni di emocomponenti direttamente sul luogo dell’evento o durate i trasporti in elisoccorso e nei mezzi di emergenza avanzata. Obiettivo: l’obiettivo di questa tesi è analizzare, attraverso una revisione di letteratura, la gestione delle trasfusioni preospedaliere, vagliando la formazione, l’organizzazione e l’impatto clinico che tale procedura richiede per esser applicata in modo efficace. Materiali e metodi: la revisione di letteratura è stata svolta attraverso una ricerca in banche dati internazionali (Pud-Med, CINHAL, Google Scholar, Elsevier) con inserimento di keyword. Nella ricerca sono stati inclusi testi di lingua italiana e inglese, con datazione dal 2015 al 2025, ponendo come fattore di esclusione l’età pediatrica e una datazione antecedente all’anno 2015 per la pubblicazione degli studi. Sono stati anche consultati manuali e compendi di medicina interna, traumatologia e area critica al fine supportare l’aspetto clinico del fenomeno. Risultati: sono stati selezionati dieci studi ritenuti di maggior interesse per l’argomentazione di tesi, dopo è stato possibile identificare quali siano i benefici legati all’applicazione di tale procedura, non solo con uno sguardo rivolto all’internazionale, ma anche, se pur ancora da indagare maggiormente, al territorio italiano. Conclusione: il trattamento di rianimazione con sangue in regime preospedaliero a bordo dei mezzi di soccorso, si sta dimostrando un efficace metodo per fornire cure ottimali e tempestive a tutti quei pazienti critici, mettendo in luce come questa pratica possa non solo può migliorare la sopravvivenza, ma anche determinare un miglioramento delle prognosi degli stessi.
Trasfusione pre-ospedaliera: revisione della letteratura e prospettive cliniche.
GROSSATO, BEATRICE
2024/2025
Abstract
Abstract Problem:Hemorrhagic shock represents one of the main time-dependent emergencies in both pre-hospital and hospital settings and is among the most frequent causes of preventable death in polytrauma patients. International literature highlights how early transfusion of blood components can improve survival, reduce complications, and anticipate the hemodynamic stabilization of patients.As early as the first decades of the 20th century, in military settings, reports emerged of the first field transfusion techniques and of the understanding of early blood volume replacement as a means to improve the survival of wounded soldiers. These experiences laid the foundation for current strategies in the management of massive hemorrhage, particularly in the civilian pre-hospital environment.Within this context, the Blood on Board (BoB) project was developed, which provides for the possibility of administering blood component transfusions directly at the site of the event or during transport by helicopter emergency medical services and advanced emergency vehicles. Objective:The aim of this thesis is to analyze, through a literature review, the management of pre-hospital transfusions, examining the training, organizational aspects, and clinical impact required for this procedure to be applied effectively. Materials and Methods:The literature review was conducted through searches in international databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Elsevier) using specific keywords. The inclusion criteria comprised texts in Italian and English published between 2015 and 2025, while exclusion criteria included pediatric studies and publications prior to 2015. In addition, manuals and compendia of internal medicine, traumatology, and critical care were consulted to support the clinical aspects of the phenomenon. Results:Ten studies were selected as being of greatest relevance for the thesis. From their analysis, it was possible to identify the benefits associated with the application of this procedure, not only from an international perspective but also, albeit still underexplored, within the Italian setting. Conclusion:Pre-hospital blood transfusion on board emergency vehicles is proving to be an effective method for delivering timely and optimal care to critically ill patients. This practice has been shown not only to improve survival but also to contribute to better overall patient prognosis.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/97365