Background: The peripherally inserted central venous catheter is an essential tool for patients requiring medium- to long-term venous access. To avoid complications such as malpositioning, thrombosis or arrhythmias, it is essential to verify the correct positioning of the tip. The cavopulmonary junction is the ideal placement site. This thesis aims to analyse the different methods available for verifying the correct positioning of the PICC tip, evaluating their degree of accuracy, advantages and limitations compared to the reference standard. Methods: A literature review was conducted to study traditional methods, such as chest X-ray (considered the gold standard) and fluoroscopy. Intracavitary electrocardiogram (IC-ECG), ultrasound and mixed systems such as Sherlock 3CG. Results: The results showed that traditional methods, while effective, have disadvantages such as waiting times for post-procedural confirmation, additional costs and exposure to ionising radiation. Techniques used during the procedure, such as IC-ECG, have demonstrated high accuracy, with evidence of correct positioning between 90 and 95% in several studies, allowing for real-time verification. Various studies have shown that intracardiac electrocardiography could eliminate the need for post-insertion radiography, allowing for immediate use of the device. Conclusion: The use of intraprocedural techniques such as IC-ECG and other methods represents a significant advance, including for nursing practice. They improve patient safety, reduce waiting times and operating costs, and contribute to vascular access management. Despite the numerous advantages of intracavitary electrocardiography, patients who do not have a sinus rhythm with a clear P wave cannot undergo this type of test because the electrocardiogram would not be clear. In fact, patients who have atrial fibrillation or need a pacemaker are asked to have a chest X-ray Keywords: PICC, intracavitary ECG, verification methods, chest X-ray, fluoroscopy, ultrasound.
Contesto: Il catetere venoso centrale ad inserimento periferico è uno strumento fondamentale per i pazienti che necessitano di un accesso venoso a medio-lungo termine. Per evitare le complicazioni come malposizionamento, trombosi o aritmie, è essenziale che si verifichi il corretto posizionamento della punta. La giunzione cavo-atriale è il punto ideale di collocazione. Questa tesi si propone di analizzare le diverse metodiche disponibili per la verifica del corretto posizionamento della punta del PICC, valutando il grado di accuratezza, i vantaggi e le limitazioni rispetto allo standard di riferimento. Materiali e metodi: È stata condotta una revisione della letteratura per studiare le metodiche tradizionali, quali la radiografia del torace (considerata il gold standard), la Fluoroscopia, l’Elettrocardiogramma intracavitario (ECG-IC), l’Ecografia e i sistemi misti come lo Sherlock 3CG. Risultati: I risultati hanno evidenziato come le metodiche tradizionali, pur essendo efficaci, comportino svantaggi: tempi d’attesa per la conferma post-procedurale, costi aggiuntivi ed esposizione alle radiazioni ionizzanti. Le tecniche utilizzate durante la procedura come l’ECG-IC, hanno dimostrato un’elevata accuratezza, con evidenze del posizionamento corretto tra il 90 e il 95% in diversi studi, permettendo la verifica in tempo reale. Le diverse ricerche hanno evidenziato che l’elettrocardiogramma intracavitario potrebbe eliminare la necessità della radiografia post-inserzione, consentendo l’utilizzo immediato del dispositivo. Conclusioni: L’utilizzo delle tecniche intra procedurali come l’ECG-IC ed altri metodi, rappresentano un significativo progresso, anche per la pratica infermieristica. Migliorano la sicurezza per il paziente, riducono i tempi di attesa e i costi operativi, inoltre contribuiscono alla gestione degli accessi vascolari. Nonostante i numerosi vantaggi dell’elettrocardiogramma intracavitario, i pazienti che non possiedono un ritmo sinusale con onda P chiara, non possono sottoporsi a questo tipo di verifica poiché l’elettrocardiogramma non risulterebbe chiaro. Infatti, agli assistiti che presentano fibrillazione atriale oppure necessitano di un pacemaker viene chiesto di eseguire la radiografia del torace. Parole chiave: PICC, ECG intracavitario, metodi di verifica, radiografia del torace, fluoroscopia, ecografia.
Catetere venoso centrale ad inserimento periferico: metodiche di verifica del posizionamento
LUNEL, ALESSANDRA
2024/2025
Abstract
Background: The peripherally inserted central venous catheter is an essential tool for patients requiring medium- to long-term venous access. To avoid complications such as malpositioning, thrombosis or arrhythmias, it is essential to verify the correct positioning of the tip. The cavopulmonary junction is the ideal placement site. This thesis aims to analyse the different methods available for verifying the correct positioning of the PICC tip, evaluating their degree of accuracy, advantages and limitations compared to the reference standard. Methods: A literature review was conducted to study traditional methods, such as chest X-ray (considered the gold standard) and fluoroscopy. Intracavitary electrocardiogram (IC-ECG), ultrasound and mixed systems such as Sherlock 3CG. Results: The results showed that traditional methods, while effective, have disadvantages such as waiting times for post-procedural confirmation, additional costs and exposure to ionising radiation. Techniques used during the procedure, such as IC-ECG, have demonstrated high accuracy, with evidence of correct positioning between 90 and 95% in several studies, allowing for real-time verification. Various studies have shown that intracardiac electrocardiography could eliminate the need for post-insertion radiography, allowing for immediate use of the device. Conclusion: The use of intraprocedural techniques such as IC-ECG and other methods represents a significant advance, including for nursing practice. They improve patient safety, reduce waiting times and operating costs, and contribute to vascular access management. Despite the numerous advantages of intracavitary electrocardiography, patients who do not have a sinus rhythm with a clear P wave cannot undergo this type of test because the electrocardiogram would not be clear. In fact, patients who have atrial fibrillation or need a pacemaker are asked to have a chest X-ray Keywords: PICC, intracavitary ECG, verification methods, chest X-ray, fluoroscopy, ultrasound.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Lunel.Alessandra.2083408.pdf
Accesso riservato
Dimensione
3.12 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
3.12 MB | Adobe PDF |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/97383