Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood, and its often early onset has a significant impact on daily life. Parents are suddenly required to acquire specific skills for the daily management of the disease, including blood glucose monitoring, insulin administration, meal planning, and prevention of acute complications. In preschool children, the responsibility for daily management falls entirely on the parents. This caregiving burden is often associated with anxiety, uncertainty, and fear for the child’s well-being. In this context, nurses play a key role in the educational process and in providing emotional support, promoting family adaptation and ensuring safe home management of the disease. Objective: The aim of this literature review is to analyze the available evidence on the role of nurses in educating parents of children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, with particular focus on preschool age, in order to identify the educational needs of families and the most effective nursing educational strategies. Methods: The bibliographic search for articles included in this review was conducted in PubMed, through a search string developed using a combination of MeSH terms and keywords, between July 2025 and August 2025. Articles were included if they were available in full text online, published in the last 20 years, and written in English. Results: From the analysis of 34 retrieved publications, 8 studies met the inclusion criteria and were considered relevant to the research question. Among these, 2 were pilot studies, 2 qualitative studies, 3 randomized controlled trials, and 1 clinical trial. Discussion: The analysis of the studies highlights that educational and supportive interventions conducted by nurses represent a key element in the management of type 1 diabetes in children and in supporting their parents. These interventions are not limited to providing technical skills related to self-management of the disease but also profoundly impact the emotional and psychological well-being of families. Despite promising results, the studies also presented some limitations, such as methodological heterogeneity and small sample sizes. One study, in particular, was carried out in a single setting, which reduces the solidity and applicability of the findings. A common limitation of some studies is their monocentric nature, which restricts the possibility of extending the results to different clinical contexts. Conclusions: This review shows that nursing education directed at parents of preschool children with type 1 diabetes is a fundamental element in fostering the acquisition of practical skills, reducing anxiety and stress, and supporting family adaptation to the disease. Although further studies are needed to deepen and strengthen the available evidence, it is clear that investing in family training and support represents an essential strategy for the effective management of type 1 diabetes in childhood. Keywords: Parents, Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Preschool Children, Health Education, Nursing Care.
Background: Il diabete mellito di tipo 1 è una delle patologie croniche più diffuse in età pediatrica e il suo esordio, spesso precoce, comporta un impatto sulla vita quotidiana. I genitori si trovano improvvisamente a dover acquisire competenze specifiche per la gestione quotidiana della malattia, tra cui il monitoraggio glicemico, la somministrazione dell’insulina, la pianificazione dei pasti e la prevenzione delle complicanze acute. Nei bambini in età prescolare, la responsabilità della gestione quotidiana ricade interamente sui genitori. Questo carico assistenziale si associa spesso a vissuti di ansia, incertezze e timore per il benessere del figlio. In tale contesto, l’infermiere svolge un ruolo chiave nel processo educativo e di sostegno emotivo, promuovendo l’adattamento familiare e la sicurezza della gestione domiciliare della patologia. Obiettivo: Lo scopo della presente revisione della letteratura è quello di analizzare le evidenze disponibili sul ruolo dell’infermiere nell’educazione dei genitori di bambini con diagnosi recente di diabete di tipo 1, con particolare attenzione all’età prescolare, per identificare i bisogni educativi delle famiglie e le strategie infermieristiche educative più efficaci. Metodi: La ricerca bibliografica degli articoli per la stesura della presente revisione è stata effettuata consultando la banca dati PubMed attraverso la stesura di una stringa di ricerca utilizzando una combinazione tra termini MESH e parole chiave, nel periodo tra Luglio 2025 ad Agosto 2025. Sono stati individuati articoli reperibili online come full text pubblicati negli ultimi 20 anni, in lingua inglese. Risultati: Dall’analisi delle 34 pubblicazioni reperite dalla ricerca, sono state identificate 8 pubblicazioni che riportavano studi inerenti ai criteri di inclusione e pertinenti al quesito di ricerca. Tra queste 8 pubblicazioni, 2 erano studi pilota, 2 erano studi qualitativi, 3 erano studi clinici controllati randomizzati ed infine 1 studio era un trial clinico. Discussione: Dall’analisi degli studi emerge che gli interventi educativi e di supporto condotti dagli infermieri rappresentino un elemento fondamentale nella gestione del diabete di tipo1 nei bambini e nel sostegno ai loro genitori. Tali interventi non si limitano a fornire competenze tecniche legate all’autogestione della patologia, ma incidono profondamente anche sul benessere emotivo e psicologico delle famiglie. Nonostante i risultati siano promettenti, gli studi hanno presentato anche dei limiti, come la diversità metodologica e il ridotto numero dei campioni. Uno studio in particolare è stato applicato in un solo contesto questo ne riduce la solidità e applicabilità. Un limite comune di alcuni studi è dato dalla natura monocentrica che limita la possibilità di estendere i risultati a realtà cliniche diverse. Conclusioni: La revisione evidenzia come l’educazione infermieristica rivolta ai genitori di bambini in età prescolare con diabete di tipo 1, rappresenti un elemento fondamentale per favorire l’acquisizione di competenze pratiche, ridurre ansia e stress e sostenere l’adattamento familiare alla malattia. Sebbene siano necessari ulteriori studi per approfondire e rafforzare le evidenze disponibili, è evidente che investire nella formazione e nel supporto alle famiglie rappresenta una strategia essenziale per una gestione efficace del diabete di tipo 1 in età pediatrica. Keywords: Genitori, Diabete Mellito di tipo 1, Bambini in età prescolare, Educazione sanitaria, Assistenza Infermieristica.
Il ruolo dell'infermiere nell'educazione dei genitori di bambini affetti da diabete di tipo1: una revisione della letteratura
OSMANI, ERIKA
2024/2025
Abstract
Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood, and its often early onset has a significant impact on daily life. Parents are suddenly required to acquire specific skills for the daily management of the disease, including blood glucose monitoring, insulin administration, meal planning, and prevention of acute complications. In preschool children, the responsibility for daily management falls entirely on the parents. This caregiving burden is often associated with anxiety, uncertainty, and fear for the child’s well-being. In this context, nurses play a key role in the educational process and in providing emotional support, promoting family adaptation and ensuring safe home management of the disease. Objective: The aim of this literature review is to analyze the available evidence on the role of nurses in educating parents of children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, with particular focus on preschool age, in order to identify the educational needs of families and the most effective nursing educational strategies. Methods: The bibliographic search for articles included in this review was conducted in PubMed, through a search string developed using a combination of MeSH terms and keywords, between July 2025 and August 2025. Articles were included if they were available in full text online, published in the last 20 years, and written in English. Results: From the analysis of 34 retrieved publications, 8 studies met the inclusion criteria and were considered relevant to the research question. Among these, 2 were pilot studies, 2 qualitative studies, 3 randomized controlled trials, and 1 clinical trial. Discussion: The analysis of the studies highlights that educational and supportive interventions conducted by nurses represent a key element in the management of type 1 diabetes in children and in supporting their parents. These interventions are not limited to providing technical skills related to self-management of the disease but also profoundly impact the emotional and psychological well-being of families. Despite promising results, the studies also presented some limitations, such as methodological heterogeneity and small sample sizes. One study, in particular, was carried out in a single setting, which reduces the solidity and applicability of the findings. A common limitation of some studies is their monocentric nature, which restricts the possibility of extending the results to different clinical contexts. Conclusions: This review shows that nursing education directed at parents of preschool children with type 1 diabetes is a fundamental element in fostering the acquisition of practical skills, reducing anxiety and stress, and supporting family adaptation to the disease. Although further studies are needed to deepen and strengthen the available evidence, it is clear that investing in family training and support represents an essential strategy for the effective management of type 1 diabetes in childhood. Keywords: Parents, Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Preschool Children, Health Education, Nursing Care.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/97416