Title: Prevention of surgical site infections in hemicolectomy: a retrospective analysis of clinical and nursing factors to optimize patient care Background: In Italy, surgical site infections (SSI) represent a significant proportion of healthcare-associated infections, with estimated rates between 16% and 22%, leading to prolonged hospital stays and increased healthcare costs. Prevention and surveillance of SSIs are therefore clinical and organizational priorities. Problem: The research question arises from the need to analyze the possible causes of a perceived increase in SSIs among patients undergoing colorectal surgery at the Santorso Hospital. P (Population): Patients undergoing colorectal surgery. I (Intervention): Perioperative patient preparation according to the latest scientific evidence. C (Comparison): Perioperative patient preparation according to the protocols in use in the Surgical Unit and Operating Room. O (Outcome): Surgical site infections (SSI), patient clinical outcomes. Objective: The main objective of the study is to analyze adherence to international guidelines for SSI prevention at Santorso Hospital, identifying any discrepancies between recommendations and clinical practice. Preoperative hair removal, perioperative oxygenation, and skin disinfection will be examined. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study including 111 adult patients undergoing right or left hemicolectomy at the Surgical Unit and Medical Services Area (Operating Room) of Santorso Hospital (ULSS 7 Pedemontana) between 01/01/2024 and 31/12/2024. Data were extracted from electronic medical records and included demographic, clinical, and nursing information, with particular attention to comorbidities, type of surgery, perioperative oxygenation, and occurrence of SSI. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to explore possible associations between risk factors and infection incidence. All data were anonymized, stored in a Microsoft Excel database, and analyzed using Jamovi software. Results: The population was evenly distributed by sex (55% female, 45% male) with a mean age of 70.6 years. Most patients (68.5%) had at least one comorbidity, mainly hypertension (53.2%), dyslipidemia (21.6%), and diabetes (15.3%). Surgeries were mainly for tumor (63.1%) or diverticular disease (27%), with ASA class 2-3 in 88.3% of cases. Preoperative oxygenation was adequate (77.5% with SpO₂ ≥95%), but postoperative control was suboptimal (19.1% ≥95%), with many hypoxic patients untreated. Hair removal was documented in 21.6% of patients, without details on the method, and no data were available on skin preparation. The overall SSI incidence was 6.3%, higher in laparotomies (11.8%) than in laparoscopies (3.9%). The small number of events and missing data limit the conclusions. Discussion and Conclusion: The analysis highlighted critical issues in perioperative management, including incomplete documentation of hair removal and skin disinfection, and inadequate maintenance of postoperative oxygenation in some patients. These gaps indicate the need for standardized protocols, continuous monitoring, and accurate documentation of preventive practices. Keywords: Surgical site infections, hemicolectomy, colorectal surgery, prevention, nursing care, guideline adhere
ABSTRACT Titolo: PREVENZIONE DELLE INFEZIONI DEL SITO CHIRURGICO NELL’EMICOLECTOMIA: ANALISI RETROSPETTIVA DEI FATTORI CLINICO-ASSISTENZIALI PER OTTIMIZZARE L'ASSISTENZA INFERMIERISTICA Background: In Italia, le infezioni del sito chirurgico (SSI) rappresentano una quota significativa delle infezioni correlate all’assistenza, con tassi stimati tra il 16% e il 22%, causando prolungamenti di degenza e incrementi di costi ospedalieri significativi. La prevenzione e la sorveglianza delle SSI sono quindi priorità cliniche e organizzative. Problema: Il quesito di ricerca nasce dalla necessità del contesto di analizzare le possibili motivazioni di un percepito incremento delle infezioni del sito chirurgico di pazienti operati di chirurgia colorettale nel presidio ospedaliero di Santorso. P (Popolazione): Pazienti sottoposti a interventi di chirurgia colorettale. I (Intervento): Preparazione peri-operatoria del paziente secondo le ultime evidenze scientifiche. C (Confronto): Preparazione peri-operatoria del paziente secondo i protocolli in uso nelle U.O. di Chirurgia e Gruppo Operatorio. O (Outcome): Infezioni del sito chirurgico (SSI), esiti clinici dei pazienti. Obiettivo: L’obiettivo generale dello studio è analizzare l’aderenza alle linee guida internazionali per la prevenzione delle SSI nel contesto del P.O. di Santorso, identificando eventuali discrepanze tra raccomandazioni e pratica clinica. Verranno prese in esame tricotomia, ossigenazione perioperatoria e disinfezione della cute. Materiali e metodi: Studio osservazionale retrospettivo condotto su 111 pazienti adulti sottoposti a emicolectomia destra o sinistra presso l’U.O.C. di Chirurgia e l’Area Servizi – Direzione Medica (Gruppo Operatorio) dell’Ospedale Alto Vicentino di Santorso (Azienda ULSS 7 Pedemontana) tra il 01/01/2024 e il 31/12/2024. I dati, estratti dalle cartelle cliniche elettroniche, includevano informazioni demografiche, cliniche e infermieristiche, con attenzione a comorbidità, tipo di intervento, ossigenazione perioperatoria e comparsa di SSI. L’analisi statistica descrittiva ha individuato possibili associazioni tra fattori di rischio e incidenza di infezioni. Tutti i dati, opportunamente anonimizzati, sono stati raccolti in un database Microsoft Excel ed elaborati con il software statistico Jamovi Risultati: La popolazione era equamente distribuita per sesso (55% donne, 45% uomini) con età media di 70,6 anni. Il 68,5% presentava almeno una comorbidità, principalmente ipertensione (53,2%), dislipidemia (21,6%) e diabete (15,3%). Gli interventi erano prevalentemente per tumore (63,1%) o diverticolite (27%), con ASA 2-3 nel 88,3% dei casi. L’ossigenazione preoperatoria era adeguata (77,5% con SpO₂ ≥95%), ma il controllo postoperatorio risultava subottimale (19,1% ≥95%), con molti pazienti ipossici non trattati. La tricotomia è stata documentata in 21,6% dei pazienti, senza dettagli sul metodo, e non sono disponibili dati sulla preparazione cutanea. L’incidenza complessiva di SSI è stata del 6,3%, più alta nelle laparotomie (11,8%) rispetto alla laparoscopia (3,9%). Il numero ridotto di eventi e la presenza di dati mancanti limitano le conclusioni. Discussione e conclusione: L’analisi ha evidenziato criticità nella gestione perioperatoria, tra cui la registrazione incompleta di tricotomia e disinfezione cutanea e il mancato mantenimento di un’adeguata ossigenazione postoperatoria in alcuni pazienti. Queste lacune indicano la necessità di protocolli standardizzati, monitoraggio continuo e documentazione accurata delle pratiche preventive. Parole chiave: Infezioni del sito chirurgico, emicolectomia, chirurgia colorettale, prevenzione, assistenza infermieristica, aderenza alle linee guida
Prevenzione delle infezioni del sito chirurgico nell’emicolectomia: analisi retrospettiva dei fattori clinico-assistenziali per ottimizzare l'assistenza infermieristica
VANZO, DIEGO
2024/2025
Abstract
Title: Prevention of surgical site infections in hemicolectomy: a retrospective analysis of clinical and nursing factors to optimize patient care Background: In Italy, surgical site infections (SSI) represent a significant proportion of healthcare-associated infections, with estimated rates between 16% and 22%, leading to prolonged hospital stays and increased healthcare costs. Prevention and surveillance of SSIs are therefore clinical and organizational priorities. Problem: The research question arises from the need to analyze the possible causes of a perceived increase in SSIs among patients undergoing colorectal surgery at the Santorso Hospital. P (Population): Patients undergoing colorectal surgery. I (Intervention): Perioperative patient preparation according to the latest scientific evidence. C (Comparison): Perioperative patient preparation according to the protocols in use in the Surgical Unit and Operating Room. O (Outcome): Surgical site infections (SSI), patient clinical outcomes. Objective: The main objective of the study is to analyze adherence to international guidelines for SSI prevention at Santorso Hospital, identifying any discrepancies between recommendations and clinical practice. Preoperative hair removal, perioperative oxygenation, and skin disinfection will be examined. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study including 111 adult patients undergoing right or left hemicolectomy at the Surgical Unit and Medical Services Area (Operating Room) of Santorso Hospital (ULSS 7 Pedemontana) between 01/01/2024 and 31/12/2024. Data were extracted from electronic medical records and included demographic, clinical, and nursing information, with particular attention to comorbidities, type of surgery, perioperative oxygenation, and occurrence of SSI. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to explore possible associations between risk factors and infection incidence. All data were anonymized, stored in a Microsoft Excel database, and analyzed using Jamovi software. Results: The population was evenly distributed by sex (55% female, 45% male) with a mean age of 70.6 years. Most patients (68.5%) had at least one comorbidity, mainly hypertension (53.2%), dyslipidemia (21.6%), and diabetes (15.3%). Surgeries were mainly for tumor (63.1%) or diverticular disease (27%), with ASA class 2-3 in 88.3% of cases. Preoperative oxygenation was adequate (77.5% with SpO₂ ≥95%), but postoperative control was suboptimal (19.1% ≥95%), with many hypoxic patients untreated. Hair removal was documented in 21.6% of patients, without details on the method, and no data were available on skin preparation. The overall SSI incidence was 6.3%, higher in laparotomies (11.8%) than in laparoscopies (3.9%). The small number of events and missing data limit the conclusions. Discussion and Conclusion: The analysis highlighted critical issues in perioperative management, including incomplete documentation of hair removal and skin disinfection, and inadequate maintenance of postoperative oxygenation in some patients. These gaps indicate the need for standardized protocols, continuous monitoring, and accurate documentation of preventive practices. Keywords: Surgical site infections, hemicolectomy, colorectal surgery, prevention, nursing care, guideline adhere| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/97469