In intensive care units, the use of invasive respiratory devices, such as the endotracheal tube and the tracheostomy cannula, is essential to ensure ventilation in critically ill patients. However, their prolonged use is often associated with the development of medical device related pressure injuries, affecting skin and mucous membranes. These complications compromise patient well-being and safety, increasing length of stay, risk of infections, and healthcare costs. Prevention therefore represents a priority objective, in which nurses play a central role due to their continuous presence. A literature review was conducted using the PubMed database, including studies published from 2016 to 2024. The selection process followed PRISMA guidelines, with a total of 9 articles included in the qualitative analysis. The main objective of this review is to identify risk factors and evaluate the most effective nursing practices for the prevention and management of such injuries, in order to reduce complications and improve patient safety. The main risk factors for the development of device-related injuries are rigid materials, inadequate fixation systems, excessive cuff pressure, and prolonged device placement. To reduce their incidence, targeted preventive interventions are required, such as regular repositioning of the tube, the use of protective dressings, proper cuff pressure regulation, and the adoption of innovative fixation systems. Nurses play a key role in this context: through constant monitoring, application of care algorithms, and accurate documentation, they ensure prevention and timely management of complications. The integration of evidence-based practices, the use of ergonomic devices, and specific training of nursing staff represent the most effective strategy to reduce the incidence of injuries, improve clinical outcomes, and safeguard the safety and dignity of critically ill patients.
Nei reparti di terapia intensiva l’uso di dispositivi respiratori invasivi, come il tubo endotracheale e la cannula tracheostomica, è essenziale per garantire la ventilazione del paziente critico. Tuttavia, il loro impiego prolungato è spesso associato allo sviluppo di lesioni da pressione correlate ai dispositivi medici, che interessano cute e mucose. Queste complicanze compromettono il benessere e la sicurezza del paziente, aumentando la durata della degenza, il rischio di infezioni e i costi assistenziali. La prevenzione rappresenta quindi un obiettivo prioritario, nel quale l’infermiere riveste un ruolo centrale grazie alla sua presenza continua. È stata condotta una revisione della letteratura tramite la banca dati PubMed, in cui sono stati inclusi studi pubblicati dal 2016 al 2024. Il processo di selezione è stato condotto seguendo le linee guida PRISMA, con un totale di 9 articoli inclusi nell’analisi qualitativa. L’obiettivo principale di questa revisione è identificare i fattori di rischio e valutare le pratiche infermieristiche più efficaci per quanto riguarda la prevenzione e la gestione di tali lesioni, al fine di ridurre le complicanze e migliorare la sicurezza del paziente. I principali fattori di rischio per lo sviluppo di lesioni da dispositivi respiratori invasivi sono: materiali rigidi, sistemi di fissaggio inadeguati, pressione eccessiva della cuffia e prolungata permanenza del presidio. Per ridurre l'incidenza di tali lesioni è necessario mettere in atto interventi preventivi mirati, quali il riposizionamento regolare del tubo, l’impiego di medicazioni protettive, la regolazione corretta della cuffia e l’adozione di sistemi di fissaggio innovativi. L’infermiere in questo ambito ha un ruolo determinante: attraverso la sorveglianza costante, l’applicazione di algoritmi assistenziali e una documentazione accurata, garantisce la prevenzione e la gestione tempestiva delle complicanze. L’integrazione di pratiche basate sull’evidenza, l’utilizzo di dispositivi ergonomici e la formazione specifica del personale infermieristico costituisce la strategia più efficace per ridurre l’incidenza delle lesioni, migliorare gli esiti clinici e tutelare la sicurezza e la dignità del paziente critico.
Le lesioni da device respiratori invasivi nei pazienti di terapia intensiva: esiti clinici e strategie di gestione per ridurre le complicanze. Revisione della letteratura.
ZARAMELLA, SILVIA
2024/2025
Abstract
In intensive care units, the use of invasive respiratory devices, such as the endotracheal tube and the tracheostomy cannula, is essential to ensure ventilation in critically ill patients. However, their prolonged use is often associated with the development of medical device related pressure injuries, affecting skin and mucous membranes. These complications compromise patient well-being and safety, increasing length of stay, risk of infections, and healthcare costs. Prevention therefore represents a priority objective, in which nurses play a central role due to their continuous presence. A literature review was conducted using the PubMed database, including studies published from 2016 to 2024. The selection process followed PRISMA guidelines, with a total of 9 articles included in the qualitative analysis. The main objective of this review is to identify risk factors and evaluate the most effective nursing practices for the prevention and management of such injuries, in order to reduce complications and improve patient safety. The main risk factors for the development of device-related injuries are rigid materials, inadequate fixation systems, excessive cuff pressure, and prolonged device placement. To reduce their incidence, targeted preventive interventions are required, such as regular repositioning of the tube, the use of protective dressings, proper cuff pressure regulation, and the adoption of innovative fixation systems. Nurses play a key role in this context: through constant monitoring, application of care algorithms, and accurate documentation, they ensure prevention and timely management of complications. The integration of evidence-based practices, the use of ergonomic devices, and specific training of nursing staff represent the most effective strategy to reduce the incidence of injuries, improve clinical outcomes, and safeguard the safety and dignity of critically ill patients.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/97486