Introduction: The macular hole (MH) is defined as a full-thickness vertical retinal defect of a round shape, localized in the foveal sensorineural retina. The objective of the present study was the evaluation of two different surgical timings of pars plana vitrectomy for full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) in patients previously undergoing phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation (PHACO + IOL). For this purpose, a statistical comparison of the results obtained was carried out, performing the surgery at 15 days versus 1 month after cataract surgery. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the Azienda Ospedale-Università di Padova; the data were collected in the time period between December 2023 and June 2025. The clinical reports of patients suffering from idiopathic FTMH of stage II or higher and pseudophakic patients were analyzed, excluding patients who have any ophthalmic disease other than FTMH. All patients underwent a standardized preoperative visit. The surgical technique involved a pars plana vitrectomy, with peeling of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) and finally injected, as a buffering gas, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) diluted to 20%. Postoperative follow-up was performed at 15 days and 2 months after surgery by a comprehensive clinical evaluation. Statistical analysis was conducted using the software GraphPad Prism 10.1.0. Significance was assessed with the independent sample t-test, and the one-way ANOVA variance analysis; a value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results and Discussion: The study included 29 eyes from 28 patients, dividing them into three samples: Sample A (n = 16, combined PHACO + IOL and vitrectomy), Sample B (n = 6, vitrectomy at 15 days after PHACO + IOL surgery) and Sample C (n = 7, vitrectomy at 1 month after PHACO + IOL surgery). The effectiveness of the different surgical timings was evaluated by means of postoperative anatomical and functional results. Both surgical timings, Sample B and C, showed significant improvement in BCVA (p<0.0001 and p=0.0380 respectively) and high anatomical success rates, with no significant differences between groups (p=0.538 and p=0.269). The surgical timing of Sample B, 15 days, showed more uniform results. Conclusions: Our results indicate that, in patients undergoing phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation (PHACO + IOL), full-thickness macular hole vitrectomy (FTMH) can be safely performed both within 15 days and up to one month after cataract surgery, without significantly affecting postoperative anatomical and functional outcomes.
Introduzione: Il foro maculare (MH) è definito come un difetto retinico verticale a tutto spessore di forma rotonda, localizzato nella retina neurosensoriale foveale. L’obiettivo del presente studio è stato la valutazione di due differenti timing chirurgici della vitrectomia pars plana per foro maculare a tutto spessore (FTMH) in pazienti precedentemente sottoposti a facoemulsificazione con impianto di lente intraoculare (FACO + IOL). A tale scopo, è stato effettuato un confronto statistico dei risultati ottenuti, eseguendo l’intervento chirurgico a 15 giorni versus 1 mese dalla chirurgia della cataratta. Materiali e Metodi: È stato condotto uno studio retrospettivo presso l’Azienda Ospedale-Università di Padova; i dati sono stati raccolti nel periodo di tempo compreso tra dicembre 2023 e giugno 2025. Sono stati analizzati i referti clinici di pazienti affetti da FTMH idiopatico di stadio II o superiore e pazienti pseudofachici, escludendo pazienti che presentano una qualsiasi malattia oftalmica diversa dal FTMH. Tutti i pazienti sono stati sottoposti a una visita preoperatoria standardizzata. La tecnica chirurgica prevedeva una vitrectomia pars plana, con peeling della membrana limitante interna (MLI) e infine iniettato, come gas tamponante, l’esafluoruro di zolfo (SF6) diluito al 20%. Il follow-up postoperatorio è stato eseguito a 15 giorni e a 2 mesi dall’intervento chirurgico mediante una valutazione clinica completa. L’analisi statistica è stata condotta utilizzando il software GraphPad Prism 10.1.0. La significatività è stata valutata con il test t-test per campione indipendenti, e l’analisi della varianza one-way ANOVA; un valore di p < 0.05 è stato considerato statisticamente significativo. Risultati e Discussione: Lo studio ha incluso 29 occhi di 28 pazienti, suddividendoli in tre campioni: Campione A (n = 16, intervento combinato di FACO + IOL e vitrectomia), Campione B (n = 6, vitrectomia a 15 giorni dall’intervento di FACO + IOL) e Campione C (n = 7, vitrectomia a 1 mese dall’intervento di FACO + IOL). L’efficacia dei diversi timing chirurgici è stata valutata mediante i risultati anatomici e funzionali postoperatori. Entrambi i timing chirurgici, Campione B e C, hanno mostrato miglioramento significativo della BCVA (p<0.0001 e p=0.0380 rispettivamente) ed elevati tassi di successo anatomico, senza differenze significative tra i gruppi (p=0.538 e p=0.269). Il timing chirurgico del Campione B, 15 giorni, ha mostrato risultati più uniformi. Conclusioni: I nostri risultati indicano che, nei pazienti sottoposti a facoemulsificazione con impianto di lente intraoculare (FACO + IOL), la vitrectomia per foro maculare a tutto spessore (FTMH) può essere eseguita in modo sicuro sia entro 15 giorni sia fino a un mese dall’intervento di cataratta, senza influenzare in modo significativo gli esiti anatomici e funzionali postoperatori.
Timing chirurgico della vitrectomia per foro maculare a tutto spessore dopo intervento di FACO + IOL: confronto tra 15 giorni versus 1 mese
TADIOTTO, SARA
2024/2025
Abstract
Introduction: The macular hole (MH) is defined as a full-thickness vertical retinal defect of a round shape, localized in the foveal sensorineural retina. The objective of the present study was the evaluation of two different surgical timings of pars plana vitrectomy for full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) in patients previously undergoing phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation (PHACO + IOL). For this purpose, a statistical comparison of the results obtained was carried out, performing the surgery at 15 days versus 1 month after cataract surgery. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the Azienda Ospedale-Università di Padova; the data were collected in the time period between December 2023 and June 2025. The clinical reports of patients suffering from idiopathic FTMH of stage II or higher and pseudophakic patients were analyzed, excluding patients who have any ophthalmic disease other than FTMH. All patients underwent a standardized preoperative visit. The surgical technique involved a pars plana vitrectomy, with peeling of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) and finally injected, as a buffering gas, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) diluted to 20%. Postoperative follow-up was performed at 15 days and 2 months after surgery by a comprehensive clinical evaluation. Statistical analysis was conducted using the software GraphPad Prism 10.1.0. Significance was assessed with the independent sample t-test, and the one-way ANOVA variance analysis; a value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results and Discussion: The study included 29 eyes from 28 patients, dividing them into three samples: Sample A (n = 16, combined PHACO + IOL and vitrectomy), Sample B (n = 6, vitrectomy at 15 days after PHACO + IOL surgery) and Sample C (n = 7, vitrectomy at 1 month after PHACO + IOL surgery). The effectiveness of the different surgical timings was evaluated by means of postoperative anatomical and functional results. Both surgical timings, Sample B and C, showed significant improvement in BCVA (p<0.0001 and p=0.0380 respectively) and high anatomical success rates, with no significant differences between groups (p=0.538 and p=0.269). The surgical timing of Sample B, 15 days, showed more uniform results. Conclusions: Our results indicate that, in patients undergoing phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation (PHACO + IOL), full-thickness macular hole vitrectomy (FTMH) can be safely performed both within 15 days and up to one month after cataract surgery, without significantly affecting postoperative anatomical and functional outcomes.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/98034