Ergonomics, understood as the discipline aimed at optimizing the interaction between humans and the work system, has undergone a progressive theoretical and practical evolution over the past decades. From an empirical approach based on the observation of working postures and gestures, the field has advanced—through the development of standardized assessment methods—towards digital tools capable of providing objective, real-time data. The purpose of this report is to analyze the evolution of ergonomic indicators over time, with particular focus on their application within production processes and the increasing adoption of innovative technological solutions such as industrial exoskeletons. The methodology applied consists of a bibliographic review of academic databases (particularly Scopus), a comparative analysis of the main ergonomic indices (OCRA, RULA, REBA, NIOSH Lifting Index, OWAS, EAWS, etc.), and an evaluation of how these indices have been integrated into the operational context. The results highlight how ergonomic tools have progressively moved away from a purely observational approach to embrace increasingly sophisticated calculation methods, now supported by digital and robotic technologies. The introduction of exoskeletons, in particular, represents a turning point, as it combines ergonomic assessments with active prevention solutions, opening new perspectives for workplace safety and sustainability.
L’ergonomia, intesa come disciplina volta a ottimizzare l’interazione tra l’uomo e il sistema lavorativo, ha conosciuto una progressiva evoluzione teorica e pratica nel corso degli ultimi decenni. Dall’approccio empirico basato sull’osservazione delle posture e dei gesti lavorativi si è passati, attraverso lo sviluppo di metodi standardizzati di valutazione, a strumenti digitali capaci di fornire dati oggettivi e in tempo reale. Obiettivo della presente relazione è analizzare la variazione degli indicatori ergonomici nel corso della storia, con particolare attenzione alla loro applicazione nei processi produttivi e al crescente ricorso a soluzioni tecnologiche innovative, quali gli esoscheletri industriali. La metodologia seguita consiste in una ricerca bibliografica su database accademici (in particolare Scopus), l’analisi comparativa dei principali indici ergonomici (OCRA, RULA, REBA, NIOSH Lifting Index, OWAS, EAWS, ecc.) e la valutazione delle modalità con cui questi sono stati integrati nel contesto operativo. I risultati evidenziano come gli strumenti ergonomici abbiano progressivamente abbandonato l’approccio puramente osservazionale per abbracciare metodiche di calcolo sempre più raffinate, supportate oggi da tecnologie digitali e robotiche. L’introduzione degli esoscheletri, in particolare, rappresenta un punto di svolta, poiché integra valutazioni ergonomiche con soluzioni attive di prevenzione, aprendo la strada a nuove prospettive per la sicurezza e la sostenibilità del lavoro.
Analisi dei principali indicatori ergonomici in ambito manifatturiero
PASELLO, MICHELE
2024/2025
Abstract
Ergonomics, understood as the discipline aimed at optimizing the interaction between humans and the work system, has undergone a progressive theoretical and practical evolution over the past decades. From an empirical approach based on the observation of working postures and gestures, the field has advanced—through the development of standardized assessment methods—towards digital tools capable of providing objective, real-time data. The purpose of this report is to analyze the evolution of ergonomic indicators over time, with particular focus on their application within production processes and the increasing adoption of innovative technological solutions such as industrial exoskeletons. The methodology applied consists of a bibliographic review of academic databases (particularly Scopus), a comparative analysis of the main ergonomic indices (OCRA, RULA, REBA, NIOSH Lifting Index, OWAS, EAWS, etc.), and an evaluation of how these indices have been integrated into the operational context. The results highlight how ergonomic tools have progressively moved away from a purely observational approach to embrace increasingly sophisticated calculation methods, now supported by digital and robotic technologies. The introduction of exoskeletons, in particular, represents a turning point, as it combines ergonomic assessments with active prevention solutions, opening new perspectives for workplace safety and sustainability.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Presentazione Prova Finale_Pasello Michele.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/98177