Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease that predominantly occurs in childhood. At onset, it often presents with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The nursing management of the child is complex and requires technical competence, decision-making skills, and relational abilities. Nurses play a crucial role both in the acute phase—characterized by urgency and intensive monitoring—and in the educational phase, which aims to support parents in achieving autonomy in home management. The purpose of this study is to analyze and understand the role of nurses in the management of T1DM at its acute onset in pediatric patients, with particular attention to the pre-discharge educational phase, in order to identify strengths, challenges, and potential areas for improvement. Materials and Methods: This qualitative observational–descriptive study was conducted in the Pediatric Unit of the Santorso Hospital (ULSS 7 Pedemontana). The sample consisted of eight nurses with varying levels of experience in pediatric T1DM management. Data collection was performed through semi-structured interviews exploring perceptions, competencies, and difficulties encountered in clinical practice and during the educational phase. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using a thematic approach, and the findings were compared with national literature. Results: The analysis shows that managing the acute onset of T1DM requires an interdisciplinary approach based on continuous collaboration among nurses, pediatricians, and diabetologists. Nurses emphasized the importance of timely procedures upon arrival in the pediatric emergency department (clinical assessment, monitoring, venous access, blood and urine glucose testing) as well as the establishment of a relationship with the family, which is an integral part of the care process. A strong awareness emerged regarding the value of the nursing educational role and the need for continuous training to ensure safe, high-quality care. Conclusions: The study confirms the central role of nurses in the management of children at the acute onset of T1DM, both clinically and educationally. The effectiveness of care depends on the application of protocols, ongoing professional development, and teamwork. The findings highlight the importance of unit-based checklists or structured forms to ensure effective and consistent education, as well as the need for targeted training programs for staff. Key words: type 1 diabetes mellitus, diabetic ketoacidosis, pediatric nurse, therapeutic education, nursing management, nursing training.
Il Diabete Mellito di tipo 1 (DM1) è una patologia autoimmune e cronica che insorge prevalentemente in età pediatrica. Spesso all’esordio si manifesta con chetoacidosi diabetica (DKA). La gestione infermieristica del bambino è complessa e richiede competenze tecniche, capacità decisionale e abilità relazionali. L’infermiere svolge un ruolo cruciale sia nella fase acuta, caratterizzata da urgenza e monitoraggio intensivo, sia nella fase educativa per favorire l’autonomia dei genitori nella gestione a domicilio. Lo scopo di questo studio è analizzare e comprendere il ruolo dell’infermiere nella gestione del DM1 all’esordio acuto in età pediatrica, con attenzione alla fase di dimensione ed educazione pre-dimissione, con l’obiettivo di analizzare i punti di forza, criticità e possibili miglioramenti. Materiali e metodi: Lo studio di tipo qualitativo osservativo-descrittivo, si è svolto presso il reparto di Pediatria dell’Ospedale di Santorso (ULSS 7 Pedemontana). Il campione è costituito da otto infermieri con vari gradi di esperienza nella gestione del DM1 pediatrico. La raccolta dei dati è avvenuta tramite interviste semi-strutturate per indagare le percezioni, le competenze e le difficoltà riscontrate nella pratica e nella fase educativa. Le interviste sono state trascritte e analizzate secondo un approccio tematico, confrontando i risultati con la letteratura nazionale Risultati: Dall’analisi la gestione dell’esordio acuto del DM1 richiede un approccio interdisciplinare, basato sulla collaborazione continua tra infermieri, pediatri e diabetologi. Gli infermieri hanno riportato l’importanza della tempestività nelle procedure di accesso in PS pediatrico (valutazione clinica, monitoraggio, accessi venosi, stick glicemici e urinari) e della relazione con la famiglia, parte integrante del processo assistenziale. È emersa una forte consapevolezza del valore del ruolo educativo infermieristico e della necessità di aggiornamento continuo per garantire sicurezza e qualità assistenziale. Conclusioni:I risultati dello studio confermano la centralità dell’infermiere nella gestione del bambino all’esordio acuto, sia dal punto di vista clinico che educativo. L’efficacia dell’assistenza dipende dall’applicazione di protocolli, dalla formazione continua e dal lavoro in equipe. In conclusione emerge l’importanza di schede e o checklist di reparto per svolgere un educazione efficace ed omogenea, e la necessità di corsi di formazione mirati per il personale. Key words: diabete mellito tipo 1, chetoacidosi diabetica, infermiere pediatrico, educazione terapeutica, gestione infermieristica, formazione infermieristica.
Gestione infermieristica del diabete mellito di tipo 1 all'esordio in età pediatrica: uno studio osservazionale descrittivo dalla fase acuta all'educazione pre-dimissione.
MEDA, MICHELA
2024/2025
Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease that predominantly occurs in childhood. At onset, it often presents with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The nursing management of the child is complex and requires technical competence, decision-making skills, and relational abilities. Nurses play a crucial role both in the acute phase—characterized by urgency and intensive monitoring—and in the educational phase, which aims to support parents in achieving autonomy in home management. The purpose of this study is to analyze and understand the role of nurses in the management of T1DM at its acute onset in pediatric patients, with particular attention to the pre-discharge educational phase, in order to identify strengths, challenges, and potential areas for improvement. Materials and Methods: This qualitative observational–descriptive study was conducted in the Pediatric Unit of the Santorso Hospital (ULSS 7 Pedemontana). The sample consisted of eight nurses with varying levels of experience in pediatric T1DM management. Data collection was performed through semi-structured interviews exploring perceptions, competencies, and difficulties encountered in clinical practice and during the educational phase. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using a thematic approach, and the findings were compared with national literature. Results: The analysis shows that managing the acute onset of T1DM requires an interdisciplinary approach based on continuous collaboration among nurses, pediatricians, and diabetologists. Nurses emphasized the importance of timely procedures upon arrival in the pediatric emergency department (clinical assessment, monitoring, venous access, blood and urine glucose testing) as well as the establishment of a relationship with the family, which is an integral part of the care process. A strong awareness emerged regarding the value of the nursing educational role and the need for continuous training to ensure safe, high-quality care. Conclusions: The study confirms the central role of nurses in the management of children at the acute onset of T1DM, both clinically and educationally. The effectiveness of care depends on the application of protocols, ongoing professional development, and teamwork. The findings highlight the importance of unit-based checklists or structured forms to ensure effective and consistent education, as well as the need for targeted training programs for staff. Key words: type 1 diabetes mellitus, diabetic ketoacidosis, pediatric nurse, therapeutic education, nursing management, nursing training.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/98240